Dry matter
92.2
100
%
-
2.3
86.4 -98.3
226
3.6
Crude protein
42
45.5
%
-
3.9
28.8 -53.2
229
4.1
30.5 -56.4
235
Crude fibre
9.6
10.5
%
-
3.5
2.2 -14.9
223
3.8
2.3 -16.7
229
Crude fat
9.4
10.2
%
-
4.2
5.1 -23.7
155
4.5
5.4 -24.9
162
Ash
6.7
7.3
%
-
0.8
4.8 -9.2
205
0.8
5.2 -10
212
Insoluble ash
0.2
0.3
%
-
0.4
0.03 -2.4
79
0.4
0.03 -2.7
83
NDF
21.5
23.3
%
-
6.3
10.4 -35.3
52
6.8
10.8 -38.2
56
ADF
13.7
14.9
%
-
4.5
5.9 -23.8
53
4.8
6.2 -25.3
54
Lignin
4.9
5.3
%
-
1.7
2 -9.1
63
1.8
2.2 -9.5
64
Water insoluble cell walls
24.4
26.5
%
-
Starch
2.9
3.1
%
-
1.3
0.6 -6.1
20
1.4
0.6 -6.9
20
Total sugars
4.6
5
%
-
0.8
3.4 -6.2
25
0.9
3.8 -6.6
26
Gross energy (kcal)
4820
5230
kcal/kg
-
290
4460 -5400
36
280
4840 -5840
37
Calcium
2
2.2
g/kg
-
0.5
1 -3.9
109
0.5
1.1 -4.1
113
Phosphorus
11.7
12.6
g/kg
-
2
5.6 -17.1
109
2.2
5.9 -18.2
113
Phytate phosphorus
8.2
8.9
g/kg
70
% P
Magnesium
6.3
6.8
g/kg
-
1.1
3.1 -9.6
78
1.2
3.3 -10.3
81
Potassium
16
17.4
g/kg
-
1.9
12.1 -25.3
79
2
13.4 -28.2
82
Sodium
0.77
0.83
g/kg
-
1.38
0.03 -3.43
6
1.49
0.03 -3.86
6
Chlorine
0.4
0.4
g/kg
-
Sulfur
3.3
3.6
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
228
247
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
435
471
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
13
14
mg/kg
-
11 -15
2
12 -16
2
Zinc
61
66
mg/kg
-
1
1
Copper
15
17
mg/kg
-
1
1
Selenium
0.4
0.4
mg/kg
-
Cobalt
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
0.1 -0.9
3
0.1 -0.9
3
Molybdenum
0.8
0.9
mg/kg
-
Iodine
0.1
0.2
mg/kg
-
0.1 -0.2
2
0.1 -0.2
2
Lysine
16.7
18.2
g/kg
4
g/16g N
2.1
15 -21.2
9
2.2
16.1 -22.7
9
0.4
3.8-4.9
9
Threonine
13.3
14.4
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
1.3
13 -16.3
8
1.3
13.7 -17.5
8
0.2
2.9-3.6
8
Methionine
5.9
6.4
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
0.8
4.5 -7.1
7
0.8
4.9 -7.6
7
0.3
1-1.8
7
Cystine
7.3
7.9
g/kg
1.7
g/16g N
0.6
6.1 -7.4
5
0.6
6.3 -7.9
5
0.1
1.5-1.8
5
Methionine + cystine
13.2
14.3
g/kg
3.1
g/16g N
1.1
11.1 -14.2
5
1.2
12.2 -15.2
5
0.4
2.4-3.6
5
Tryptophan
5.5
5.9
g/kg
1.3
g/16g N
1
1
1
Isoleucine
13.3
14.4
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
1.2
11.8 -15.6
8
1.3
12.7 -16.7
8
0.2
3-3.5
8
Valine
18.9
20.5
g/kg
4.5
g/16g N
2.1
16.2 -22.2
8
2.2
17.3 -23.7
8
0.4
3.8-4.9
8
Leucine
23.9
25.9
g/kg
5.7
g/16g N
2.6
22.1 -27.8
8
2.8
23.7 -30.4
8
0.3
5.6-6.4
8
Phenylalanine
21.8
23.6
g/kg
5.2
g/16g N
1.9
20.1 -24.2
6
2
21.5 -25.9
6
0.2
5.1-5.6
6
Tyrosine
11.7
12.7
g/kg
2.8
g/16g N
1.3
11 -14.3
7
1.4
11.6 -15.3
7
0.3
2.5-3.3
7
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
33.5
36.3
g/kg
8
g/16g N
2.8
31.7 -38.4
6
2.9
33.2 -41.1
6
0.4
7.6-8.6
6
Histidine
12.2
13.2
g/kg
2.9
g/16g N
1.5
10 -15.3
8
1.6
10.9 -15.6
8
0.5
2.2-3.9
8
Arginine
46.3
50.2
g/kg
11
g/16g N
4.2
43.9 -53.2
7
4.4
46 -57.1
7
0.6
9.9-11.5
7
Alanine
18
19.6
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.5
15.3 -18.6
6
1.6
15.9 -20
6
Aspartic acid
38.6
41.9
g/kg
9.2
g/16g N
4.3
34.7 -42.8
6
4.6
36.6 -45.9
6
0.2
8.8-9.4
6
Glutamic acid
79.4
86.1
g/kg
18.9
g/16g N
71.6 -89.7
4
73.4 -96.2
4
18.1-19.7
4
Glycine
17.1
18.6
g/kg
4.1
g/16g N
1.7
16.2 -19.6
6
1.8
17.1 -21
6
0.2
3.9-4.4
6
Serine
18
19.6
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
2
14.9 -19.6
5
2.1
15.9 -21
5
0.6
3.3-4.8
5
Proline
15
16.3
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
3.9
13.2 -22.6
5
4.2
13.5 -24.2
5
0.6
3.2-4.8
5
C12:0 lauric acid
0.08
0.09
g/kg
0.1
% FA
C14:0 myristic acid
0.6
0.7
g/kg
0.8
% FA
0.3
0.5-1.2
9
C16:0 palmitic acid
18.7
20.3
g/kg
22.7
% FA
0.8
21.7-24.2
14
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.4
0.5
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.3
0.3-1
9
C18:0 stearic acid
1.6
1.7
g/kg
1.9
% FA
0.4
1.5-3
14
C18:1 oleic acid
13.8
14.9
g/kg
16.7
% FA
1.5
14.7-20.8
14
C18:2 linoleic acid
47.1
51.1
g/kg
57.3
% FA
3.6
46.1-60
14
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.6
0.6
g/kg
0.7
% FA
1.4
0.05-4.4
9
Fatty acids
8.2
8.9
%
88
% fat
2
86-90
10
Vitamin E
21
22.8
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin B1 thiamin
22.2
24
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
4.2
4.6
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
8.1
8.8
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
42.9
46.5
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
47.2
51.2
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0
0
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.6
0.7
mg/kg
-
Choline
2795
3032
mg/kg
-
DE growing pig (kcal)
3630
3940
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
3340
3620
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2190
2370
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3780
4100
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3450
3740
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2280
2470
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
75.3
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
76.5
%
1
N digestibility growing pig
-
95.9
%
1
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
70.5
%
1
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
78.3
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
79.9
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
97.9
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
3
3.3
g/kg
26
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2620
2840
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
167
181
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
302
327
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
205
223
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2920
3160
kcal/kg
-
1
1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
79.9
%
1
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
78.9
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
78.1
%
72-82.5
2
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
90
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
76.9
%
Absorbable P ruminants
7.5
8.1
g/kg
64
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
60
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
29
%
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
60
%
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.065
h-1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
80
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
59
%
56-68
3
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
27
%
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
64
%
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.06
h-1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.7
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.5
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.6
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.4
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
7.5
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.6
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.6
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
7.3
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
80.6
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
77.5
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.72
0.78
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
336
364
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3420
3710
kcal/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (kcal)
3030
3290
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
71
%
1
N digestibility rabbit
-
78.1
%
1
Gross energy (MJ)
20.2
21.9
MJ/kg
-
1.2
18.7 -22.6
36
1.2
20.3 -24.4
37
Absorbable Ca ruminants
1.1
1.2
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
64
%
1
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.15
1.24
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.12
1.22
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
132
143
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
179
194
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
187
202
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.12
1.21
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.09
1.18
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
149
162
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
194
211
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
170
185
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1970
2130
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1920
2080
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
3030
3290
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
77.5
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
78.5
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
60
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.3
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.6
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
3.9
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.3
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
7.5
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.6
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.9
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
7.6
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
12.4
13.4
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8
8.7
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.7
8.4
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
60
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.06
1.15
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.02
1.11
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
173
187
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
216
234
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
147
159
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.294
0.319
per kg
-
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.7
10.5
g/kg
58
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.8
9.5
g/kg
66
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.6
5
g/kg
77
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.2
5.6
g/kg
71
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.7
10.6
g/kg
74
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
4.2
4.6
g/kg
77
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.1
9.9
g/kg
69
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
13.4
14.6
g/kg
71
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
16.9
18.4
g/kg
71
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
17.4
18.9
g/kg
80
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
9
9.8
g/kg
77
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
26.4
28.7
g/kg
79
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.1
9.9
g/kg
75
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
39.8
43.2
g/kg
86
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
12.6
13.7
g/kg
70
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
29
31.4
g/kg
75
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
65.9
71.4
g/kg
83
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
12
13
g/kg
70
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
13.2
14.3
g/kg
73
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
11.1
12.1
g/kg
74
%
Iron
536
581
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.2
0.3
g/kg
0.3
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.2
% FA
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
88.1
%
1
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
4.5
4.9
g/kg
39
%
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2520
2730
kcal/kg
-
1
1
Available P cockerel
2.9
3.2
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
2.9
3.2
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.05
1.14
per kg
-
1
1
UFV INRA 2007
1
1.09
per kg
-
1
1
DE salmonids (kcal)
3410
3700
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
70.8
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
87.2
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
12.7
13.8
g/kg
76
%
1
1
1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
10.9
11.9
g/kg
82
%
1
1
1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
4.9
5.3
g/kg
82
%
1
1
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
6.3
6.8
g/kg
87
%
1
1
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
11.2
12.1
g/kg
85
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
4.7
5.1
g/kg
87
%
1
1
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
10.9
11.9
g/kg
83
%
1
1
1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
15.9
17.2
g/kg
84
%
1
1
1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
20
21.7
g/kg
84
%
1
1
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
19.9
21.6
g/kg
92
%
1
1
1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
10.3
11.2
g/kg
88
%
1
1
1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
30.3
32.9
g/kg
90
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
11.2
12.1
g/kg
92
%
1
1
1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
43.8
47.5
g/kg
95
%
1
1
1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
15.1
16.4
g/kg
84
%
1
1
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
32.4
35.2
g/kg
84
%
1
1
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
72.6
78.8
g/kg
92
%
1
1
1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
15.9
17.3
g/kg
93
%
1
1
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
15.4
16.7
g/kg
86
%
1
1
1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
15
16.3
g/kg
100
%
1
1
1
DE growing pig (MJ)
15.2
16.5
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
14
15.1
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
9.2
9.9
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
15.8
17.1
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.4
15.6
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
9.5
10.3
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
11
11.9
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
10.6
11.4
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
12.2
13.2
MJ/kg
-
1
1
DE rabbit (MJ)
14.3
15.5
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (MJ)
12.7
13.8
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
14.3
15.5
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1049
1138
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1095
1188
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
191
207
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
174
189
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
3.7
4
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.3
1.4
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
74.8
81.1
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.71
4.03
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.01
2.18
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.9
2.06
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.1
2.28
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.46
1.58
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
38
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
43
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7.4
8.1
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
285
309
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
22
23
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
1.7
1.8
%
-
1
Vitamin A
0.5
0.5
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin C
25
27.1
mg/kg
-