Dry matter 88.9 100 % - 1.7 80.4 -95.1 198 2.6 Crude protein 14.5 16.4 % - 2.2 4.8 -18.7 200 2.5 5.1 -21.2 202 Crude fibre 13.5 15.2 % - 1.8 11.1 -19.9 187 2 12.3 -22.4 189 Crude fat 1.2 1.3 % - 1 0.2 -4.9 163 1.1 0.2 -5.8 165 Ash 12.3 13.8 % - 1.9 3.7 -16 138 2.1 4.1 -19 139 Insoluble ash 3 3.3 % - 2.7 0.2 -6.3 25 3 0.2 -12.8 31 NDF 29 32.6 % - 6.6 19.3 -51.4 28 7.4 21.2 -57.7 33 ADF 16.3 18.3 % - 4.5 11.6 -28.3 28 5.1 11.6 -31.8 33 Lignin 5.6 6.2 % - 1.5 4.2 -10.1 36 1.6 3.3 -11.3 41 Water insoluble cell walls 30.1 33.9 % - 1 Starch 23.4 26.4 % - 2.5 16.3 -33.3 151 2.8 18 -37.2 149 Total sugars 2.3 2.6 % - 1.2 1.1 -4.7 13 1.3 1.2 -5.3 13 Gross energy (kcal) 3650 4110 kcal/kg - 270 3540 -4590 11 300 3800 -5040 14 Calcium 1.2 1.4 g/kg - 0.7 0.3 -2.5 19 0.8 0.3 -2.8 21 Phosphorus 15.2 17.1 g/kg - 5.8 1.5 -25.8 51 6.5 1.7 -28.4 53 Phytate phosphorus 12.9 14.5 g/kg 85 % P 1 1 1 Magnesium 3.2 3.6 g/kg - 2.8 0.6 -7.3 14 3.2 0.7 -9.6 15 Potassium 6.8 7.7 g/kg - 5.9 1.1 -14.4 14 6.7 1.2 -18.3 15 Sodium 0.27 0.31 g/kg - 0.23 0.09 -0.54 5 0.26 0.1 -0.6 5 Chlorine 0.7 0.8 g/kg - 0.2 0.3 -1 12 0.2 0.3 -1.1 12 Sulfur 1.8 2 g/kg - 0.1 1.6 -1.9 5 0.2 1.8 -2.1 5 Dietary cation-anion difference 58 65 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 168 189 mEq/kg - Manganese 134 151 mg/kg - 24 105 -158 5 27 116 -174 6 Zinc 70 79 mg/kg - 17 50 -95 5 19 55 -105 6 Copper 10 11 mg/kg - 1 9 -12 5 1 10 -13 5 Iron 2271 2556 mg/kg - 871 1429 -3496 5 979 1597 -3859 5 Selenium 0.1 0.2 mg/kg - 0.05 0.09 -0.2 5 0.05 0.1 -0.2 5 Cobalt 0.9 1 mg/kg - 0.4 0.5 -1 5 0.4 0.5 -2 5 Molybdenum 0.9 1 mg/kg - 0 1 -1 5 Iodine 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - 0.1 0.2 -0.5 5 0.2 0.2 -0.5 5 Lysine 6.5 7.3 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.2 4.1 -8.3 11 1.3 4.9 -9.4 11 0.5 2.7-4.6 11 Threonine 5.4 6.1 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1.6 1.6 -7.2 11 1.8 1.7 -8.2 11 0.4 3.1-4.3 11 Methionine 3.1 3.5 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.7 1.3 -3.6 12 0.8 1.4 -4.1 12 0.3 1.6-2.7 12 Cystine 2.1 2.3 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.8 0.6 -3.6 12 0.9 0.6 -4.1 12 0.3 1.2-2.2 12 Methionine + cystine 5.2 5.8 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.5 1.9 -7.2 12 1.7 2 -8.2 12 0.4 2.8-4.4 12 Tryptophan 2.3 2.6 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 2 -2.7 3 1.1-2.2 3 Isoleucine 7.4 8.3 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.7 5.2 -9.4 9 1.9 5.8 -11.7 9 Valine 8 9 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 1.8 3.1 -9.2 11 2 3.3 -10.4 11 0.8 4.1-6.9 11 Leucine 10.1 11.3 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N 2.8 2.8 -12.2 11 3.2 3 -13.9 11 0.8 5.3-7.9 11 Phenylalanine 6.7 7.5 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.8 2.2 -7.9 11 2 2.3 -9.2 11 0.5 3.6-5.2 11 Tyrosine 5.3 5.9 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.2 2 -6.2 11 1.4 2.1 -7.7 11 0.5 2.4-4.1 11 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 12 13.5 g/kg 8.2 g/16g N 3 4.1 -13.6 11 3.3 4.4 -16.9 11 0.8 6.6-8.8 11 Histidine 3.8 4.3 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 1.1 1 -4.6 11 1.2 1.1 -5.2 11 0.4 1.8-2.8 11 Arginine 10.9 12.3 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 3.6 1 -13.1 9 4 1.1 -14.9 9 Alanine 8.9 10.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 2.5 2.6 -11.7 10 2.8 2.8 -13.3 10 0.6 4.3-6.7 10 Aspartic acid 12.8 14.4 g/kg 8.8 g/16g N 3.7 4 -16.5 10 4.2 4.3 -18.7 10 0.9 6.5-9.7 10 Glutamic acid 19.9 22.4 g/kg 13.7 g/16g N 5.2 6.4 -22.9 10 5.9 6.8 -26.8 10 Glycine 7.5 8.4 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 2.2 2.2 -9.6 11 2.5 2.3 -11.5 11 0.5 4.2-5.5 11 Serine 6.7 7.5 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.8 2 -8 10 2 2.1 -9.1 10 0.6 3.3-5.1 10 Proline 7 7.9 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 2.6 3.5 -8.6 5 2.9 3.7 -10.7 5 1.2 4.2-7.2 5 C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.05 0.09 -0.2 5 0.05 0.1 -0.2 5 0.5 0.9-3.7 40 C18:1 oleic acid 3.3 3.7 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40 C18:2 linoleic acid 2.9 3.3 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.04 0.09 -0.2 5 0.04 0.1 -0.2 5 0.5 1-3.7 40 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 7 Fatty acids 0.8 0.9 % 70 % fat 5 63-74 5 Vitamin E 48.8 54.9 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B1 thiamin 27.3 30.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.8 3.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 40.4 45.4 mg/kg - Niacin 337 379 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 73.3 82.5 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 1121 1261 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 2390 2680 kcal/kg - 1 2140 -2820 3 ME growing pig (kcal) 2270 2560 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1510 1700 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2560 2880 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2390 2690 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1610 1810 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 65.3 % 53.2-72 3 OM digestibility growing pig - 68.9 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 47.5 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 69.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 73.4 % N digestibility adult pig - 54.5 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.8 2.1 g/kg 12 % 1 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1710 1920 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1660 1870 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 62 70 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 98 110 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 90 101 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1650 1850 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 55.7 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 60.4 % N digestibility ruminants - 63.3 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 75 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 56.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 9.7 10.9 g/kg 64 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 49 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 11 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 76 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 19 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 81 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.12 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 66 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 48 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 35 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.2 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 63.3 % Energy digestibility horse - 61.1 % Horse Forage Unit 0.65 0.73 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 87 98 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2150 2420 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2030 2280 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 58.7 % N digestibility rabbit - 63.7 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.9 g/kg 80 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 79 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 82 % 1 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 78 % 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 81 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.8 g/kg 82 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.3 g/kg 81 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.3 9.3 g/kg 83 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.1 g/kg 82 % 1 1 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.6 g/kg 84 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 9.9 11.1 g/kg 91 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 7.3 8.2 g/kg 82 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 10 11.2 g/kg 78 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 17.3 19.5 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 6.1 6.8 g/kg 81 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6.1 g/kg 81 % 1 1 1 Gross energy (MJ) 15.3 17.2 MJ/kg - 1.1 14.8 -19.2 11 1.2 15.9 -21.1 14 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 57 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.57 0.65 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.5 0.56 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 47 53 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 87 97 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 8 9 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.55 0.62 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.48 0.54 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 53 59 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 91 102 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 3 4 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 970 1100 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 840 940 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1620 1820 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 59.1 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 54.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 52 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.3 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.7 7.6 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.1 4.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.5 3.9 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 64 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.52 0.58 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.43 0.49 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 60 68 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 97 109 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -5 -6 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.24 0.27 per kg - Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.6 g/kg 62 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.7 g/kg 60 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.6 g/kg 73 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 52 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.8 g/kg 65 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 73 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.6 g/kg 67 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6 g/kg 67 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.7 7.6 g/kg 67 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5 g/kg 67 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.2 g/kg 70 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.2 g/kg 68 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 66 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.5 g/kg 77 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.8 g/kg 68 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8 9 g/kg 62 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 14.3 16.1 g/kg 72 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 60 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5 g/kg 67 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 59 % C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.7 3.1 g/kg 18 % Available P cockerel 3.8 4.3 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 3.8 4.3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.56 0.63 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.48 0.54 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 1960 2210 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 53.7 % N digestibility salmonids - 83.3 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 82 % 79-84 3 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 9.8 11 g/kg 82 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.2 g/kg 66 % 61-71 2 DE growing pig (MJ) 10 11.2 MJ/kg - 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 9.5 10.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 6.3 7.1 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 10.7 12 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 10 11.3 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 6.7 7.6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 7.1 8 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 7 7.8 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 6.9 7.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 9 10.1 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 8.5 9.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.2 9.2 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 557 627 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 524 590 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 64 72 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 16 18 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2.8 3.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.3 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 53.5 60.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.44 2.75 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.14 1.29 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.07 1.21 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.23 1.39 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.72 0.81 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 48 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 55 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3.9 4.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 135 152 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 2 2 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 21 23.6 % - Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.02 0.02 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -