Dry matter 87.7 100 % - 2.5 85 -91.7 10 4.1 Crude protein 10.1 11.5 % - 2.5 6.4 -12.8 10 2.9 7.3 -15 10 Crude fibre 3.4 3.8 % - 1.1 1.7 -4.8 12 1.2 1.9 -5.2 8 Crude fat 3.1 3.5 % - 1.4 0.9 -4.4 10 1.6 1 -5.1 10 Ash 2.2 2.5 % - 0.9 1.4 -4 6 1 1.5 -4.4 11 Insoluble ash 0.5 0.5 % - 0.2 0.3 -0.9 7 0.3 0.3 -0.9 7 NDF 14.6 16.7 % - 2.3 ADF 5.1 5.8 % - 0.7 Lignin 2.1 2.4 % - 0.2 Water insoluble cell walls 16.9 19.3 % - Starch 52.6 59.9 % - 10.7 37.3 -67.8 9 Total sugars 2.7 3.1 % - Gross energy (kcal) 4000 4560 kcal/kg - Calcium 0.5 0.6 g/kg - 0.3 0.3 -1.1 7 0.3 0.3 -1.2 7 Phosphorus 6.7 7.6 g/kg - 2.7 2.7 -9.7 7 3.1 3 -11.1 7 Phytate phosphorus 5.7 6.5 g/kg 85 % P Magnesium 3.6 4.1 g/kg - 1.1 1.6 -4.5 6 1.2 1.8 -5.3 6 Potassium 6.4 7.3 g/kg - 1.9 3.1 -8.5 6 2.2 3.6 -9.8 6 Lysine 4.2 4.8 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N Threonine 3.7 4.2 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 2 -4.3 2 2.2 -5 2 Methionine 2.3 2.6 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 1.5 -2.8 2 1.7 -3.3 2 1.9-2.4 2 Cystine 1.5 1.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine 3.8 4.3 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tryptophan 2.1 2.4 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N Isoleucine 5.2 5.9 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 4.9 -7.5 2 5.4 -8.8 2 Valine 5.7 6.6 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 4.4 -6.9 2 4.9 -8.1 2 5.6-5.8 2 Leucine 7.4 8.4 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 6.1 -8.4 2 6.7 -9.9 2 7.1-7.6 2 Phenylalanine 4.8 5.5 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 3.8 -6 2 4.2 -7 2 4.8-5 2 Tyrosine 4 4.5 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 8.8 10.1 g/kg 8.7 g/16g N 8 -11.9 2 8.8 -14 2 Histidine 2.4 2.8 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 1.2 -2.8 2 1.3 -3.3 2 Arginine 7.3 8.4 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N Alanine 6 6.9 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 4.5 -6.6 2 5 -7.7 2 Aspartic acid 9 10.3 g/kg 8.9 g/16g N 6.9 -10.2 2 7.6 -12 2 Glutamic acid 15.1 17.2 g/kg 14.9 g/16g N 12.9 -19.2 2 14.2 -22.5 2 Glycine 4.9 5.6 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 2.5 -6.3 2 2.8 -7.4 2 3.2-5.3 2 Serine 4.7 5.3 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 3.3 -5.6 2 3.6 -6.6 2 4.1-4.7 2 Proline 5 5.7 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 2.7 -6.6 2 3 -7.7 2 3.4-5.5 2 C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 4 4.6 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.5 0.9-3.7 40 C18:1 oleic acid 8.6 9.8 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40 C18:2 linoleic acid 7.7 8.8 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.5 1-3.7 40 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 7 Fatty acids 2.2 2.5 % 70 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 3250 3700 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3150 3590 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2420 2750 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3350 3810 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3220 3670 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2480 2830 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 81.3 % OM digestibility growing pig - 84.1 % N digestibility growing pig - 84.4 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 52.5 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 83.8 % OM digestibility adult pig - 86.4 % N digestibility adult pig - 90.2 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 12 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2760 3150 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2690 3070 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 49 56 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 74 84 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 93 106 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2560 2920 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 76.5 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 79 % N digestibility ruminants - 62.6 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 70.7 % Absorbable P ruminants 4.3 4.9 g/kg 64 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 49 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 11 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 76 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 19 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 81 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.12 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83.6 % Energy digestibility horse - 80.3 % Horse Forage Unit 1.04 1.19 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 72 82 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3110 3550 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3020 3440 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 77.9 % N digestibility rabbit - 68 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.7 19.1 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.3 0.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 57 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.97 1.1 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.95 1.08 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 37 42 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 84 96 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -29 -33 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.95 1.08 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.93 1.06 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 42 47 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 87 99 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -31 -35 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1670 1900 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1630 1860 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2550 2910 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 77.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 75.1 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 52 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.4 11.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.8 7.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.6 7.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.91 1.03 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.88 1 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 48 54 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 91 103 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -35 -39 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.238 0.271 per kg - Sodium 0.18 0.21 g/kg - Sulfur 1.7 2 g/kg - Zinc 54 62 mg/kg - Copper 8 9 mg/kg - Iron 109 124 mg/kg - Selenium 0.1 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.2 1.4 g/kg 18 % Available P cockerel 1.7 1.9 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.7 1.9 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.93 1.06 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.91 1.03 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2080 2370 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 52.1 % N digestibility salmonids - 80.8 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.7 g/kg 77 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 3 g/kg 70 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 82 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.3 g/kg 75 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.4 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 79 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 77 % 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 76 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.5 g/kg 78 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 79 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.8 g/kg 85 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.2 8.2 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.4 g/kg 85 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.4 7.3 g/kg 87 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.3 g/kg 77 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 7.8 g/kg 75 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 12.7 14.5 g/kg 84 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.8 g/kg 68 % 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 76 % 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.6 g/kg 63 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.9 g/kg 81 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.2 g/kg 77 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 85 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 73 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.4 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 2 g/kg 80 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.8 g/kg 82 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.3 g/kg 81 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.9 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.6 g/kg 83 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.7 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.3 8.3 g/kg 82 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 80 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 7 g/kg 84 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.6 g/kg 81 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7 7.9 g/kg 77 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 12.8 14.6 g/kg 85 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.4 g/kg 78 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.2 g/kg 79 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.6 g/kg 81 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.6 15.5 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.2 15 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10.1 11.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14 16 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.5 15.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.4 11.8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 11.6 13.2 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 11.3 12.9 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.7 12.2 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13 14.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.6 14.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.7 9.9 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 933 1064 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 992 1131 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 78 88 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -24 -27 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.5 5.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.9 2.2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 72.3 82.4 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.17 3.62 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.63 1.85 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.54 1.75 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.76 2 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.18 1.35 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 48 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 55 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.6 7.5 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 144 164 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -7 -8 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 51 58.1 % - Chlorine 0.7 0.8 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 44 50 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 152 174 mEq/kg - Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 48.2 54.9 mg/kg - Vitamin K 0.02 0.02 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 26.9 30.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.7 3.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 39.8 45.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 333 379 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 72.3 82.5 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg - Choline 1106 1261 mg/kg -