Dry matter
87.7
100
%
-
2.5
85 -91.7
10
4.1
Crude protein
10.1
11.5
%
-
2.5
6.4 -12.8
10
2.9
7.3 -15
10
Crude fibre
3.4
3.8
%
-
1.1
1.7 -4.8
12
1.2
1.9 -5.2
8
Crude fat
3.1
3.5
%
-
1.4
0.9 -4.4
10
1.6
1 -5.1
10
Ash
2.2
2.5
%
-
0.9
1.4 -4
6
1
1.5 -4.4
11
Insoluble ash
0.5
0.5
%
-
0.2
0.3 -0.9
7
0.3
0.3 -0.9
7
NDF
14.6
16.7
%
-
2.3
ADF
5.1
5.8
%
-
0.7
Lignin
2.1
2.4
%
-
0.2
Water insoluble cell walls
16.9
19.3
%
-
Starch
52.6
59.9
%
-
10.7
37.3 -67.8
9
Total sugars
2.7
3.1
%
-
Gross energy (kcal)
4000
4560
kcal/kg
-
Calcium
0.5
0.6
g/kg
-
0.3
0.3 -1.1
7
0.3
0.3 -1.2
7
Phosphorus
6.7
7.6
g/kg
-
2.7
2.7 -9.7
7
3.1
3 -11.1
7
Phytate phosphorus
5.7
6.5
g/kg
85
% P
Magnesium
3.6
4.1
g/kg
-
1.1
1.6 -4.5
6
1.2
1.8 -5.3
6
Potassium
6.4
7.3
g/kg
-
1.9
3.1 -8.5
6
2.2
3.6 -9.8
6
Lysine
4.2
4.8
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
Threonine
3.7
4.2
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
2 -4.3
2
2.2 -5
2
Methionine
2.3
2.6
g/kg
2.3
g/16g N
1.5 -2.8
2
1.7 -3.3
2
1.9-2.4
2
Cystine
1.5
1.7
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
1
1
1
Methionine + cystine
3.8
4.3
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
1
1
1
Tryptophan
2.1
2.4
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
Isoleucine
5.2
5.9
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
4.9 -7.5
2
5.4 -8.8
2
Valine
5.7
6.6
g/kg
5.7
g/16g N
4.4 -6.9
2
4.9 -8.1
2
5.6-5.8
2
Leucine
7.4
8.4
g/kg
7.3
g/16g N
6.1 -8.4
2
6.7 -9.9
2
7.1-7.6
2
Phenylalanine
4.8
5.5
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
3.8 -6
2
4.2 -7
2
4.8-5
2
Tyrosine
4
4.5
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
8.8
10.1
g/kg
8.7
g/16g N
8 -11.9
2
8.8 -14
2
Histidine
2.4
2.8
g/kg
2.4
g/16g N
1.2 -2.8
2
1.3 -3.3
2
Arginine
7.3
8.4
g/kg
7.2
g/16g N
Alanine
6
6.9
g/kg
5.9
g/16g N
4.5 -6.6
2
5 -7.7
2
Aspartic acid
9
10.3
g/kg
8.9
g/16g N
6.9 -10.2
2
7.6 -12
2
Glutamic acid
15.1
17.2
g/kg
14.9
g/16g N
12.9 -19.2
2
14.2 -22.5
2
Glycine
4.9
5.6
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
2.5 -6.3
2
2.8 -7.4
2
3.2-5.3
2
Serine
4.7
5.3
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
3.3 -5.6
2
3.6 -6.6
2
4.1-4.7
2
Proline
5
5.7
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
2.7 -6.6
2
3 -7.7
2
3.4-5.5
2
C12:0 lauric acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.02-0.06
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.08
0.09
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
4
4.6
g/kg
18.8
% FA
2.6
14.7-23.9
40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.04
0.04
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C18:0 stearic acid
0.4
0.5
g/kg
2.1
% FA
0.5
0.9-3.7
40
C18:1 oleic acid
8.6
9.8
g/kg
39.9
% FA
3.3
28.9-45
40
C18:2 linoleic acid
7.7
8.8
g/kg
35.8
% FA
3.5
30-41
41
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.3
0.4
g/kg
1.5
% FA
0.5
1-3.7
40
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
7
Fatty acids
2.2
2.5
%
70
% fat
DE growing pig (kcal)
3250
3700
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
3150
3590
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2420
2750
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3350
3810
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3220
3670
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2480
2830
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
81.3
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
84.1
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
84.4
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
52.5
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
83.8
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
86.4
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
90.2
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.8
0.9
g/kg
12
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2760
3150
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2690
3070
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
49
56
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
74
84
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
93
106
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2560
2920
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
76.5
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
79
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
62.6
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
85
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
70.7
%
Absorbable P ruminants
4.3
4.9
g/kg
64
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
49
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
11
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
76
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.06
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
73
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
19
%
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
81
%
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.12
h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
65
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.4
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.2
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.3
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
83.6
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
80.3
%
Horse Forage Unit
1.04
1.19
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
72
82
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3110
3550
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
3020
3440
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
77.9
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
68
%
Gross energy (MJ)
16.7
19.1
MJ/kg
-
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.3
0.3
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
57
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
0.97
1.1
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.95
1.08
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
37
42
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
84
96
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-29
-33
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.95
1.08
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.93
1.06
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
42
47
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
87
99
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-31
-35
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1670
1900
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1630
1860
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2550
2910
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
77.6
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
75.1
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
52
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.4
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.4
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.2
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.4
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
10.4
11.9
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
6.8
7.7
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
6.6
7.5
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
62
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.91
1.03
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.88
1
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
48
54
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
91
103
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-35
-39
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.238
0.271
per kg
-
Sodium
0.18
0.21
g/kg
-
Sulfur
1.7
2
g/kg
-
Zinc
54
62
mg/kg
-
Copper
8
9
mg/kg
-
Iron
109
124
mg/kg
-
Selenium
0.1
0.2
mg/kg
-
Cobalt
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.7
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.03-0.7
3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.06
0.06
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.1-0.4
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.06
0.07
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
1.2
1.4
g/kg
18
%
Available P cockerel
1.7
1.9
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
1.7
1.9
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.93
1.06
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.91
1.03
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2080
2370
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
52.1
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
80.8
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
3.7
g/kg
77
%
1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
3
g/kg
70
%
1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.9
2.1
g/kg
82
%
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.1
1.3
g/kg
75
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3
3.4
g/kg
80
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
1.9
g/kg
79
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
4
4.5
g/kg
77
%
1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
5
g/kg
76
%
1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
5.7
6.5
g/kg
78
%
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
3.8
4.3
g/kg
79
%
1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.4
3.8
g/kg
85
%
1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
7.2
8.2
g/kg
81
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
2.1
2.4
g/kg
85
%
1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
6.4
7.3
g/kg
87
%
1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.6
5.3
g/kg
77
%
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
6.8
7.8
g/kg
75
%
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
12.7
14.5
g/kg
84
%
1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
3.4
3.8
g/kg
68
%
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
3.5
4
g/kg
76
%
1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
3.1
3.6
g/kg
63
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.4
3.9
g/kg
81
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3.2
g/kg
77
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.9
2.2
g/kg
85
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.1
1.2
g/kg
73
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3
3.4
g/kg
80
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.7
2
g/kg
80
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.2
4.8
g/kg
82
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.6
5.3
g/kg
81
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.1
6.9
g/kg
83
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4
4.6
g/kg
83
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.2
3.7
g/kg
81
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.3
8.3
g/kg
82
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.2
g/kg
80
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.1
7
g/kg
84
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.9
5.6
g/kg
81
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
7
7.9
g/kg
77
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
12.8
14.6
g/kg
85
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.9
4.4
g/kg
78
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4.2
g/kg
79
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
4
4.6
g/kg
81
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
13.6
15.5
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
13.2
15
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
10.1
11.5
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
14
16
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
13.5
15.4
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
10.4
11.8
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
11.6
13.2
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
11.3
12.9
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
10.7
12.2
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
13
14.8
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
12.6
14.4
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
8.7
9.9
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
933
1064
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
992
1131
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
78
88
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
-24
-27
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
4.5
5.1
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.9
2.2
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
72.3
82.4
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.17
3.62
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.63
1.85
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.54
1.75
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.76
2
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.18
1.35
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
48
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
55
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
6.6
7.5
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
144
164
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-7
-8
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
51
58.1
%
-
Chlorine
0.7
0.8
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
44
50
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
152
174
mEq/kg
-
Vitamin A
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin E
48.2
54.9
mg/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.02
0.02
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
26.9
30.7
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2.7
3.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
39.8
45.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
333
379
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
72.3
82.5
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0
0
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-
Choline
1106
1261
mg/kg
-