Dry matter 95.3 100 % - 1.4 90.7 -98.2 38 2 Crude protein 12.9 13.5 % - 2 8.9 -17.5 38 2.1 9.2 -18.5 38 Crude fibre 8.2 8.6 % - 2.9 4.5 -17.9 22 3 4.7 -14.9 19 Crude fat 46.1 48.4 % - 3.3 38.6 -50.2 20 3.4 41.4 -52.4 20 Ash 1.2 1.3 % - 0.4 0.8 -2.2 24 0.5 0.8 -2.3 24 NDF 36 37.8 % - 31.8 -40 3 33.6 -44.1 3 ADF 9.8 10.3 % - 9.5 -12 2 9.9 -12.7 2 Lignin 2.1 2.2 % - 1 1 Water insoluble cell walls 36.1 37.9 % - Starch 11.5 12 % - 1.6 8.5 -14.2 19 1.6 8.8 -15.3 19 Total sugars 0.4 0.4 % - 0.4 -0.5 2 0.4 -0.5 2 Gross energy (kcal) 6570 6900 kcal/kg - 1 1 Calcium 1 1 g/kg - 1 1 Phosphorus 4.3 4.5 g/kg - 1 1 Phytate phosphorus 3.2 3.4 g/kg 75 % P Magnesium 0.3 0.3 g/kg - 1 1 Potassium 1.2 1.2 g/kg - 0.2 0.9 -1.4 11 0.2 0.9 -1.5 11 Sodium 0.12 0.12 g/kg - 0.06 0.1 -0.29 11 0.06 0.1 -0.3 11 Chlorine 0.4 0.5 g/kg - 0.1 0.3 -0.6 9 0.1 0.3 -0.6 9 Sulfur 2.3 2.4 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -123 -129 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 23 24 mEq/kg - Manganese 13 13 mg/kg - Copper 6 7 mg/kg - Iron 227 238 mg/kg - Lysine 4.6 4.8 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Threonine 4.7 5 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine 2.2 2.4 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Cystine 2.6 2.8 g/kg 2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine 4.9 5.1 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tryptophan 0.9 0.9 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N Isoleucine 4.2 4.4 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Valine 6.2 6.5 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Leucine 12 12.6 g/kg 9.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine 5.3 5.5 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tyrosine 3.8 4 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 9 9.5 g/kg 7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Histidine 3.9 4 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Arginine 8 8.4 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Alanine 8.6 9 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Aspartic acid 8.5 8.9 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glutamic acid 19.7 20.7 g/kg 15.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glycine 5.7 6 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Serine 5.6 5.9 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Proline 7.6 8 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 C14:0 myristic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0.1-0.4 18 C16:0 palmitic acid 38.9 40.8 g/kg 10.5 % FA 1 1 0.8 8.6-13.6 202 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 6.7 7 g/kg 1.8 % FA 1 1 0.2 1.3-2.7 201 C18:1 oleic acid 96.3 101 g/kg 26.1 % FA 1 1 3 20-35.4 202 C18:2 linoleic acid 220 230 g/kg 59.5 % FA 1 1 3.4 49.4-67.6 208 C18:3 linolenic acid 4.9 5.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 1 0.3 0.3-1.9 202 Fatty acids 36.9 38.7 % 80 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 4330 4540 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 4230 4430 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 3720 3900 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4540 4760 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 4400 4620 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 3800 3990 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 65.8 % OM digestibility growing pig - 68.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 60.5 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 79 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 69.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 72.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 70.4 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 20 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 4090 4290 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3900 4090 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 35 37 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 87 91 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 57 59 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 4810 5050 kcal/kg - 1 1 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.3 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 83.1 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 69.4 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 88 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.7 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.9 3 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 72 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 67 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 52 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 6 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 83 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.075 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 9.6 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.5 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 66.6 % Energy digestibility horse - 64.2 % Horse Forage Unit 1.41 1.48 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 84 88 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 5750 6030 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 5620 5900 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 87.4 % N digestibility rabbit - 64.5 % Gross energy (MJ) 27.5 28.9 MJ/kg - 1 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.5 0.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % 1 UFL FL1 INRA 2018 2.04 2.13 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 2.12 2.23 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 29 31 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 80 84 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 3 3 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.99 2.09 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 2.06 2.17 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 33 35 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 82 86 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 0.9 1 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3500 3670 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3630 3810 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 5100 5350 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 81.8 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 73 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 20.7 21.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 14.1 14.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 14.5 15.2 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 55 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.9 1.99 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.95 2.05 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 40 42 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 88 92 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -5 -5 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.352 0.37 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.08 0.08 % - Zinc 83 87 mg/kg - Selenium 0.2 0.3 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 2.1 2.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA 1 1 0.2 0.1-1.2 186 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 57 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.3 1.3 g/kg 30 % Available P cockerel 1.1 1.1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.1 1.1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.82 1.91 per kg - 1 1 UFV INRA 2007 1.84 1.93 per kg - 1 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 4360 4580 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 66.4 % N digestibility salmonids - 82 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 2.8 g/kg 58 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.2 g/kg 64 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 68 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 58 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.2 g/kg 63 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.7 g/kg 78 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3 g/kg 67 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.4 g/kg 67 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.5 8.9 g/kg 71 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 3.9 g/kg 71 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.7 g/kg 69 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6.3 6.7 g/kg 70 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3 g/kg 75 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 6.8 g/kg 81 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 5.7 g/kg 63 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.3 g/kg 59 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 14.4 15.1 g/kg 73 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 3.9 g/kg 65 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.1 g/kg 70 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.4 g/kg 18 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.5 g/kg 73 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.5 g/kg 70 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 1.9 g/kg 79 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 1.9 g/kg 68 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 3.7 g/kg 73 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 73 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.4 g/kg 76 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 4.8 g/kg 74 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.1 9.5 g/kg 75 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.2 g/kg 77 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 2.9 g/kg 73 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.1 g/kg 75 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3 g/kg 73 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 6.5 g/kg 77 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 6.7 g/kg 74 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.3 g/kg 71 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 15.4 16.2 g/kg 78 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.2 g/kg 70 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.3 g/kg 73 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6 g/kg 75 % DE growing pig (MJ) 18.1 19 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 17.7 18.6 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 15.6 16.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 19 19.9 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 18.4 19.3 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 15.9 16.7 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 17.1 18 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 16.3 17.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 20.1 21.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 DE rabbit (MJ) 24.1 25.2 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 23.5 24.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 18.3 19.2 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1818 1907 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 2012 2111 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 47 49 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 52 54 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2.1 2.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.9 0.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 110 116 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.79 5.02 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 3.05 3.2 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.91 3.05 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.78 2.92 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2 2.1 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 12.9 13.5 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 239 251 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -18 -18 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 10.7 11.2 % - 1 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -