Dry matter 94 100 % - 1.2 90.6 -96 57 1.8 Crude protein 79.8 85 % - 2.3 75.4 -84.9 74 2.2 76.9 -90.9 59 Crude fibre 0.7 0.7 % - 0.5 0 -2 22 0.6 0 -2.1 21 Crude fat 1.6 1.7 % - 0.9 0.3 -5.6 32 1 0.3 -5.9 33 Ash 0.9 1 % - 0.6 0.6 -3.8 29 0.6 0.6 -4 30 NDF 0.5 0.5 % - 0.3 -0.5 3 0.3 -0.5 3 ADF 0.3 0.3 % - 0.1 -1.2 2 0.1 -1.3 2 Lignin 0.05 0.05 % - Water insoluble cell walls 0.5 0.5 % - Starch 5.4 5.7 % - 2.1 3.1 -9.8 21 2.2 3.3 -10.6 21 Total sugars 2.9 3.1 % - Gross energy (kcal) 5120 5450 kcal/kg - 270 4790 -5440 4 280 5110 -5820 5 Calcium 1 1 g/kg - 0.7 0.2 -2.3 7 0.8 0.4 -2.5 6 Phosphorus 1.8 1.9 g/kg - 0.3 1.5 -2.4 7 0.3 1.6 -2.5 6 Phytate phosphorus 0.4 0.4 g/kg 23 % P 1 22-25 2 Magnesium 0.3 0.4 g/kg - 0.2 -0.7 4 0.2 -0.7 4 Potassium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.2 1 -1.5 5 0.2 1 -1.6 5 Sodium 0.57 0.61 g/kg - 0.18 -1 4 0.19 -1.04 4 Sulfur 4.6 4.9 g/kg - 3 -7.5 3 3.1 -8 3 Manganese 24 26 mg/kg - 15 -34 2 16 -35 2 Zinc 43 46 mg/kg - 30 -57 2 32 -60 2 Copper 23 25 mg/kg - 6 -40 2 6 -43 2 Iron 50 53 mg/kg - 36 -74 4 39 -78 3 Lysine 15.2 16.1 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 1.4 11.4 -15.8 31 1.5 12.2 -17 17 0.2 1.4-2.2 32 Threonine 21.5 22.9 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 2.9 18.7 -30 29 3.1 20.1 -31.5 15 0.3 2.3-3.7 30 Methionine 11.6 12.3 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 2.3 10.7 -17.8 27 2.5 11.6 -18.5 13 0.2 1.4-2.2 28 Cystine 16 17.1 g/kg 2 g/16g N 6.3 13.4 -31.5 26 6.7 14.2 -32.8 12 0.6 1.7-3.9 27 Methionine + cystine 27.6 29.4 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 4.8 25.9 -40 25 5.1 27.5 -43.8 11 0.4 3.2-5.2 26 Tryptophan 6.5 6.9 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N Isoleucine 29.3 31.2 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 3.8 26 -40.1 29 4.1 28.5 -42.8 15 0.4 3.4-5 30 Valine 31.6 33.6 g/kg 4 g/16g N 3 26 -37.2 29 3.2 28.5 -39.7 15 0.3 3.4-5.1 30 Leucine 53.7 57.2 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 4.6 49 -64.1 29 4.9 53.7 -68.4 15 0.5 6.3-8.7 30 Phenylalanine 42.3 45 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 4.7 28.8 -47.6 26 5 30.7 -51 12 0.5 3.6-6.6 27 Tyrosine 26.6 28.3 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 2.5 25.7 -27.9 13 2.7 27.2 -35 7 0.3 3.1-4.6 14 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 68.9 73.3 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 7.9 55.2 -73.3 13 8.3 58.9 -86 7 0.9 6.9-11.2 14 Histidine 17.1 18.2 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 1.1 15 -19 28 1.1 16.2 -20.5 14 0.2 1.9-2.6 29 Arginine 34 36.1 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 4.2 25.7 -39 27 4.4 27.9 -42.3 13 0.5 3.2-4.8 28 Alanine 23.1 24.6 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 2.8 18.4 -26.5 24 3 19.5 -29.2 10 0.3 2.2-3.5 25 Aspartic acid 35.5 37.7 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N Glutamic acid 291 310 g/kg 36.5 g/16g N 34.6 225 -329 22 36.6 239 -350 7 2.2 27.8-39.9 22 Glycine 28.6 30.4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 3.3 21.3 -30.5 24 3.5 22.6 -33 10 0.3 2.6-4.3 25 Serine 40.9 43.5 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 3.1 33.8 -43.7 24 3.2 37.3 -46.3 9 0.3 4.3-5.3 24 Proline 96 102 g/kg 12 g/16g N 7.9 88.2 -120 19 97.2 -126 4 0.9 11.2-14.9 19 Fatty acids 1.2 1.3 % 75 % fat 2 71-76 7 DE growing pig (kcal) 4860 5170 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 4390 4680 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2610 2780 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4960 5270 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 4460 4750 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2690 2860 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 95 % OM digestibility growing pig - 93.9 % N digestibility growing pig - 87.9 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 92 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 40.9 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 96.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 95.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 88.6 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3800 4040 kcal/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 3800 4040 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 566 603 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 663 706 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 594 632 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3450 3670 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 97 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 96.3 % N digestibility ruminants - 81.2 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 63.1 % Absorbable P ruminants 1.2 1.3 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 29 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 87 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 30 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 3.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 3.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.4 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.5 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.4 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 90.6 % Energy digestibility horse - 87 % Horse Forage Unit 1.02 1.08 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 676 720 g/kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 4400 4680 kcal/kg - 1 1 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 85.9 % 1 N digestibility salmonids - 93.8 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 9.1 9.7 g/kg 60 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 16.3 17.4 g/kg 76 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 10.2 10.8 g/kg 88 % 1 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 13.6 14.5 g/kg 85 % 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 23.8 25.3 g/kg 86 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.5 g/kg 79 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 24.9 26.5 g/kg 85 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 26.5 28.2 g/kg 84 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 46.7 49.7 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 36.8 39.2 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 14.7 15.6 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 28.9 30.7 g/kg 85 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 18 19.2 g/kg 78 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 24.1 25.7 g/kg 68 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 271 288 g/kg 93 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 24.9 26.5 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 35.6 37.9 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 88.4 94 g/kg 92 % 1 1 1 Gross energy (MJ) 21.4 22.8 MJ/kg - 1.1 20.1 -22.8 4 1.2 21.4 -24.4 5 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.5 0.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.47 1.56 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.5 1.6 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 443 472 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 488 520 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 222 236 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.5 1.6 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.55 1.65 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 477 507 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 519 552 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 189 201 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2650 2820 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2730 2910 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3880 4130 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 94.9 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 99.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 34 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 85 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.8 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 3.3 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 3.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.2 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.3 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 16.3 17.3 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.1 11.8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.4 12.2 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 29 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.45 1.54 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.48 1.58 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 535 570 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 574 611 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 129 138 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.528 0.562 per kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 Insoluble ash 0 0 % - Chlorine 1 1 g/kg - 1 -1 2 Dietary cation-anion difference -258 -275 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 28 29 mEq/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.08 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 2.2 2.3 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 1.9 2 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 6.9 7.3 g/kg 56.4 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 0.7 0.8 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.2 1.2 g/kg 65 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.7 1.8 g/kg 98 % Available P cockerel 0.4 0.5 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.4 0.5 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.28 1.36 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.26 1.34 per kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 5490 5840 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 4950 5270 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 100 % N digestibility rabbit - 55.3 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 24.1 25.7 g/kg 91 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 60.9 64.8 g/kg 88 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.1 14 g/kg 86 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.9 19 g/kg 83 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.3 11 g/kg 89 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.4 13.2 g/kg 77 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.7 24.2 g/kg 82 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 5.9 g/kg 86 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.2 26.8 g/kg 86 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 27.1 28.9 g/kg 86 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 47.3 50.4 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 37.2 39.6 g/kg 88 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.4 24.9 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 60.7 64.6 g/kg 88 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.6 15.5 g/kg 86 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 30.2 32.1 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 20 21.2 g/kg 86 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29.1 30.9 g/kg 82 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 262 278 g/kg 90 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 24 25.5 g/kg 84 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 34.5 36.8 g/kg 84 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 82.4 87.7 g/kg 86 % DE growing pig (MJ) 20.3 21.7 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 18.4 19.6 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10.9 11.6 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 20.7 22.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 18.7 19.9 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.3 12 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 15.9 16.9 MJ/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 15.9 16.9 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 14.4 15.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 23 24.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 20.7 22.1 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 18.4 19.6 MJ/kg - 1 1 VEM CVB 2018 1275 1356 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1377 1465 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 593 631 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 129 137 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.4 3.6 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.7 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 89.7 95.5 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.86 5.17 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.69 2.86 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.55 2.72 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.83 3.01 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.04 2.17 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 9 9.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 686 730 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 18 19 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 5.2 5.5 % - 1 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -