Dry matter 89.7 100 % - 1.4 85.8 -93.6 117 2.1 Crude protein 10 11.1 % - 1.3 6.4 -16.9 184 1.4 7.2 -18.9 117 Crude fibre 16.3 18.2 % - 2 14 -23.9 183 2.3 15.3 -25.8 116 Crude fat 5.5 6.1 % - 2.2 2 -13.4 152 2.5 2.3 -14.3 105 Ash 7.1 7.9 % - 1.6 3 -13.6 145 1.8 3.4 -15.1 97 Insoluble ash 2.7 3 % - 1.6 0.3 -5.5 9 1.7 0.3 -6.1 8 NDF 50.3 56.1 % - 10.8 37.9 -70.8 8 12 41.5 -77.4 7 ADF 27.7 30.9 % - 5.9 20.1 -36.2 6 6.5 22.7 -39.6 5 Lignin 4.9 5.4 % - 1.8 1.9 -11.1 130 2 2.1 -11.6 128 Water insoluble cell walls 49.5 55.1 % - Starch 22.1 24.6 % - 5.1 7.7 -34.2 160 5.7 8.4 -38.6 94 Total sugars 7 7.8 % - Gross energy (kcal) 4050 4510 kcal/kg - Calcium 7.7 8.6 g/kg - 4.2 1.1 -19.9 154 4.7 1.2 -21.7 153 Phosphorus 2.7 3 g/kg - 0.6 0.6 -5.4 156 0.7 0.7 -6 154 Phytate phosphorus 2.2 2.4 g/kg 80 % P Magnesium 1 1.1 g/kg - 1 1 Potassium 8 8.9 g/kg - 7.3 -8.9 2 7.9 -10 2 Sodium 0.32 0.36 g/kg - 0.33 0.02 -1.2 49 0.37 0.02 -1.33 49 Chlorine 1.6 1.7 g/kg - 1.1 -2 2 1.3 -2.2 2 Sulfur 1.7 1.9 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 71 79 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 176 196 mEq/kg - Lysine 3.2 3.5 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N Threonine 2.7 3 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N Methionine 1.4 1.6 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N Cystine 2 2.2 g/kg 2 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 3.4 3.8 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N Tryptophan 1 1.1 g/kg 1 g/16g N Isoleucine 3.1 3.4 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N Valine 4.5 5 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N Leucine 6.7 7.5 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N Phenylalanine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N Tyrosine 3.4 3.8 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 7.7 8.6 g/kg 7.7 g/16g N Histidine 2.7 3 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N Arginine 4.1 4.5 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N Alanine 3.6 4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N Aspartic acid 4.6 5.2 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N Glutamic acid 20.1 22.4 g/kg 20.1 g/16g N Glycine 4.7 5.2 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N Serine 4.3 4.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N Proline 6.6 7.4 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 7.8 8.7 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 6.7 7.4 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 24.7 27.5 g/kg 56.4 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 2.6 2.9 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.6 0.6 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 4.4 4.9 % 80 % fat Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g DE growing pig (kcal) 1360 1520 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 1300 1450 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1060 1180 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 1730 1920 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 1640 1820 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1220 1360 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 33.6 % OM digestibility growing pig - 38.8 % N digestibility growing pig - 46.5 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 29.9 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 52.1 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 42.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 47.5 % N digestibility adult pig - 68.3 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.3 1.5 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1370 1520 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1290 1430 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 24 27 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 66 73 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 59 66 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1820 2030 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 54.7 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 57.3 % N digestibility ruminants - 53.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 87 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 74.9 % Absorbable P ruminants 2 2.3 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 75 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 15 13-55 7 Potentially degradable N (b) - 54 % 15 41-78 7 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.165 h-1 0.09 0.083-0.307 7 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 78 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 22 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.205 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 64 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 44 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 38 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 59.5 % Energy digestibility horse - 57.5 % Horse Forage Unit 0.75 0.84 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 41 46 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2120 2360 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2050 2290 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 52.3 % N digestibility rabbit - 48.4 % Digestible P salmonids 1.3 1.4 g/kg 48 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 31 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 27 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.7 g/kg 47 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.9 g/kg 40 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 43 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 52 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 44 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 42 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 44 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.6 g/kg 53 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 56 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 55 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 51 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 65 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.3 g/kg 32 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 40 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 13.7 15.3 g/kg 68 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 22 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 42 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.5 g/kg 71 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 61 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.2 g/kg 73 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 66 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.6 g/kg 69 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.7 g/kg 67 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 70 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.2 g/kg 64 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5 g/kg 67 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.3 g/kg 67 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 60 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.5 g/kg 64 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 65 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 74 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 68 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 69 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 15.7 17.5 g/kg 78 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.1 g/kg 59 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 62 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.5 g/kg 61 % Gross energy (MJ) 17 18.9 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 4.2 4.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.64 0.71 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.56 0.62 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 20 23 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 62 69 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -2 -2 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.62 0.69 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.53 0.59 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 23 26 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 64 71 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -3 -3 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1090 1210 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 940 1050 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1800 2010 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 55.9 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 53.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 73 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.9 7.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.1 4.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.4 3.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.58 0.64 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.48 0.54 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 27 30 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 67 75 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -6 -7 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.259 0.289 per kg - Manganese 95 106 mg/kg - Zinc 91 101 mg/kg - Copper 7 8 mg/kg - Iron 150 167 mg/kg - Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.9 1 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Available P cockerel 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.61 0.69 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.53 0.59 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2150 2390 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 53 % N digestibility salmonids - 80.4 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 65 % DE growing pig (MJ) 5.7 6.4 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 5.4 6.1 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 4.4 4.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 7.2 8 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 6.9 7.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 5.1 5.7 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.7 6.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 5.4 6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 7.6 8.5 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 8.9 9.9 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 8.6 9.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9 10 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 614 685 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 577 643 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 33 37 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 14 16 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2 2.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.8 0.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 57.3 63.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.54 2.83 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.22 1.36 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.15 1.28 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.3 1.45 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.77 0.86 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 24 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 28 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 4.3 4.8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 104 116 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -0.6 -0.7 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 18.7 20.8 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -