Dry matter 90.8 100 % - 1.2 86.6 -93.4 108 1.8 Crude protein 4.7 5.2 % - 1.4 2.8 -10.7 107 1.6 3 -11.5 106 Crude fibre 27.6 30.4 % - 2.9 16.1 -34.3 107 3.2 18.6 -38.5 106 Crude fat 2.3 2.6 % - 1.1 0.9 -5.4 79 1.2 0.5 -6 81 Ash 4.3 4.8 % - 1.3 2.5 -16.9 147 1.4 2.8 -18.4 167 Insoluble ash 2.6 2.9 % - 1.8 -3.2 3 2 -3.5 3 NDF 65.3 71.9 % - 9.1 44.5 -74.7 44 10 49.7 -90.3 67 ADF 33.4 36.8 % - 4 22.2 -42.3 48 4.4 24.7 -46.9 53 Lignin 6.4 7 % - 1.7 3.9 -10.3 49 1.9 2.2 -12.1 71 Water insoluble cell walls 63.4 69.8 % - 1 1 Starch 12.7 14 % - 7.9 1.2 -32.6 84 8.7 1.3 -37.1 83 Total sugars 1.6 1.8 % - 1.3 0.5 -5 16 1.4 0.5 -5.6 19 Gross energy (kcal) 4010 4420 kcal/kg - 1 4360 -4440 2 Calcium 2 2.2 g/kg - 1.4 0.9 -6.2 21 1.6 1 -7.1 20 Phosphorus 1.8 1.9 g/kg - 0.8 0.6 -3.7 22 0.9 0.6 -4.1 22 Magnesium 1.3 1.5 g/kg - 1 0.6 -2.3 2 Potassium 5.4 5.9 g/kg - 4.1 -5.5 3 4.6 -7 3 Sodium 0.16 0.18 g/kg - 0.1 0.1 -0.33 5 0.11 -0.36 4 Chlorine 1 1.1 g/kg - 0.6 -1.8 4 0.7 -1.9 3 Electrolyte balance 115 127 mEq/kg - Manganese 60 66 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 2.2 2.4 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1 Threonine 1.8 1.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1 Methionine 1.1 1.2 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 1 Cystine 2.2 2.4 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1 Methionine + cystine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N 1 Tryptophan 0.7 0.8 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 1 Isoleucine 1.7 1.8 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1 Valine 2.6 2.8 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 1 Leucine 3.4 3.8 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 1 Phenylalanine 2 2.2 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1 Tyrosine 1.7 1.8 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 3.7 4 g/kg 7.8 g/16g N 1 Histidine 0.8 0.9 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1 Arginine 2.6 2.9 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 1 Alanine 2.5 2.7 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N Aspartic acid 4 4.4 g/kg 8.5 g/16g N Glutamic acid 6.1 6.7 g/kg 13 g/16g N Glycine 2.7 3 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 1 Serine 2.5 2.7 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N Proline 2.8 3.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.2-0.7 3 C16:0 palmitic acid 3.5 3.8 g/kg 16.5 % FA 1.3 14.9-18.9 8 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1-0.3 3 C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.2 % FA 0.3 0.7-1.8 8 C18:1 oleic acid 8.1 8.9 g/kg 38.6 % FA 2.9 35-43.4 8 C18:2 linoleic acid 8.6 9.5 g/kg 40.9 % FA 4.2 36.2-47 8 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1.6 % FA 0.3 1-1.9 8 Fatty acids 2.1 2.3 % 90 % fat 0.05 4 86-95 5 Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g DE growing pig (kcal) 1510 1660 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 1420 1560 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 890 990 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 1800 1980 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 1650 1820 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1040 1150 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 37.5 % OM digestibility growing pig - 42.8 % N digestibility growing pig - 38.5 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 44.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 49.6 % N digestibility adult pig - 76.2 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.6 0.6 g/kg 32 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 930 1020 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 850 940 kcal/kg - Available P broiler 0.4 0.5 g/kg 24 % P ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1480 1630 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 44.9 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 47.5 % N digestibility ruminants - 5.8 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 65 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 70.2 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 93 % 1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 40 % 29-40 2 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 30 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 26 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.041 h-1 1 OM digestibility horse - 58 % Energy digestibility horse - 56.1 % Horse Forage Unit 0.56 0.62 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 11 13 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 1830 2020 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1800 1990 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 45.7 % N digestibility rabbit - 36.7 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.8 18.5 MJ/kg - 1 18.3 -18.6 2 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.1 1.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.51 0.56 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.41 0.45 per kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.48 0.53 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.38 0.42 per kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 850 940 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 670 740 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1460 1600 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 46.1 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 43.5 % ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.2 6.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.7 4.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.9 3.2 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 39 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.44 0.49 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.34 0.37 per kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.447 0.493 per kg - Phytate phosphorus 1.1 1.2 g/kg 60 % P 10 37-86 27 Sulfur 0.7 0.8 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 71 79 mEq/kg - Zinc 22 24 mg/kg - Copper 3 3 mg/kg - Iron 133 146 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.09-0.1 2 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.8-0.8 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.04-0.07 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.07 % FA 0.05-0.08 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.3 2 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 48 % Available P cockerel 0.4 0.5 g/kg 24 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.48 0.53 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.38 0.42 per kg - PDIA INRA 2007 9 10 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 28 31 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 44 48 g/kg - Absorbable P ruminants 1.1 1.3 g/kg 65 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 74 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 66 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 10 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.299 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.3 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE DE salmonids (kcal) 1930 2130 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 48.1 % N digestibility salmonids - 70.1 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 48 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 1 g/kg 52 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 69 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 44 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 52 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.4 g/kg 53 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 64 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 59 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.4 g/kg 65 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 69 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 64 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 67 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 61 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.2 g/kg 76 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 55 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 61 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 4.8 g/kg 72 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 41 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 57 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.8 g/kg 58 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 61 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 57 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 70 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 59 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 63 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 62 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 67 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 63 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 64 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 67 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 58 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.5 g/kg 63 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 62 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 67 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.7 g/kg 63 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 61 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.5 g/kg 68 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.7 g/kg 57 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.7 g/kg 62 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 65 % DE growing pig (MJ) 6.3 6.9 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 5.9 6.5 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 3.7 4.1 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 7.5 8.3 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 6.9 7.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 4.4 4.8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 3.9 4.3 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 3.6 3.9 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 6.2 6.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 7.7 8.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 7.6 8.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.1 8.9 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 483 532 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 418 460 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 8 9 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -21 -23 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 1.8 2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.9 1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 51.8 57 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.23 2.46 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.99 1.1 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.93 1.03 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.06 1.17 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.55 0.6 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 25 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 26 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3.4 3.8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 75 83 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -5 -5 g/kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 9 10 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 49 54 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -43 -47 g/kg - PDIA INRA 2018 10 10 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 49 54 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -42 -46 g/kg - N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 88 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 10 11 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 49 54 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -42 -46 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 12.1 13.3 % - 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -