Dry matter
89.7
100
%
-
2.2
84.5 -94.6
63
3.5
Crude protein
12.6
14.1
%
-
1.8
8.8 -18.1
66
2
10.1 -20.4
63
Crude fibre
3.7
4.1
%
-
0.9
0.8 -5.7
67
1
1 -5.9
61
Crude fat
11.7
13
%
-
3.9
5.2 -20.1
56
4.3
5.8 -30.4
53
Ash
5.9
6.6
%
-
1.4
2.8 -9
54
1.6
3.3 -10
53
Insoluble ash
0.6
0.7
%
-
0.4
0.1 -1.4
36
0.4
0.1 -1.5
35
NDF
15.4
17.2
%
-
5.5
9.8 -28.9
10
6.1
10.7 -32.4
10
ADF
5.5
6.2
%
-
1.7
1.5 -7.1
10
1.8
1.7 -7.7
10
Lignin
2.2
2.5
%
-
0.7
0.6 -3.1
10
0.8
0.7 -3.5
10
Water insoluble cell walls
17.7
19.7
%
-
Starch
37.7
42
%
-
9.7
23.7 -58.3
24
10.7
26.3 -62.1
17
Total sugars
2.8
3.1
%
-
1.4 -5.2
4
1.6 -5.7
4
Gross energy (kcal)
4410
4910
kcal/kg
-
4310 -4950
3
Calcium
0.4
0.5
g/kg
-
0.2
0.1 -1.2
42
0.2
0.1 -1.3
42
Phosphorus
10.9
12.2
g/kg
-
3
3.8 -16.3
44
3.3
4.4 -18.1
44
Phytate phosphorus
9.3
10.4
g/kg
85
% P
Magnesium
4.9
5.5
g/kg
-
1
2.8 -7.2
36
1.1
3 -8
36
Potassium
9.2
10.2
g/kg
-
1.7
6.1 -13.2
36
1.9
7 -14.6
36
Sodium
0.18
0.21
g/kg
-
1
1
Manganese
123
137
mg/kg
-
1
1
Zinc
55
62
mg/kg
-
1
1
Copper
8
9
mg/kg
-
1
1
Cobalt
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
1
1
Lysine
5.5
6.1
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
1.2
4.9 -7.7
6
1.3
5.3 -8.7
6
0.7
4-5.9
6
Threonine
4.7
5.2
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
0.5
3.9 -4.9
6
0.5
4.5 -5.6
6
0.3
3-3.7
6
Methionine
2.8
3.1
g/kg
2.2
g/16g N
0.6
2.5 -3.5
6
0.6
2.7 -4.2
6
0.2
2-2.6
6
Cystine
1.8
2
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
0.5
1.3 -2.6
6
0.6
1.5 -2.9
6
0.4
0.9-2
6
Methionine + cystine
4.6
5.1
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
0.6
4.1 -5.2
6
0.6
4.4 -6.2
6
0.4
3.2-4.1
6
Tryptophan
2.3
2.5
g/kg
1.8
g/16g N
0.6
1.5 -2.9
6
0.6
1.7 -3.3
6
0.4
1.1-2.2
6
Isoleucine
6.4
7.2
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
1.8
4.8 -8.9
5
2
5.3 -10.5
5
1
3.7-6.2
5
Valine
7
7.8
g/kg
5.6
g/16g N
0.9
6.5 -8.4
6
0.9
7.1 -9.6
6
0.5
5.2-6.5
6
Leucine
8.9
9.9
g/kg
7.1
g/16g N
1.1
8.2 -11.1
6
1.2
8.9 -12.5
6
0.7
6.6-8.5
6
Phenylalanine
5.9
6.6
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
1.2
5.2 -8
6
1.4
5.6 -9
6
0.7
4.2-6.1
6
Tyrosine
4.7
5.3
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
10.6
11.8
g/kg
8.4
g/16g N
2.2
10 -15.2
5
2.4
10.9 -17.1
5
1.4
8.1-11.6
5
Histidine
3.2
3.5
g/kg
2.5
g/16g N
0.7
2.8 -4.2
6
0.8
3 -4.9
6
0.3
2.2-2.9
6
Arginine
9.3
10.4
g/kg
7.4
g/16g N
1.7
8.8 -13.3
6
1.9
9.6 -15.4
6
0.8
6.9-9.1
6
Alanine
7.6
8.5
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
0.8
7.2 -8.6
6
0.9
7.8 -10.2
6
0.1
5.8-6.1
6
Aspartic acid
11.2
12.5
g/kg
8.9
g/16g N
1.6
8.5 -13.3
6
1.8
10 -15.4
6
1.2
5.9-9.1
6
Glutamic acid
17.9
19.9
g/kg
14.2
g/16g N
2.9
16.7 -24.7
6
3.2
18.1 -27.9
6
2.1
13.1-19
6
Glycine
6.4
7.1
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
0.9
5.7 -7.3
6
0.9
6.2 -8.5
6
0.4
4.3-5.3
6
Serine
5.8
6.5
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
0.9
5.4 -7.4
6
0.9
6 -8.3
6
0.6
3.8-5.6
6
Proline
6.1
6.8
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
1.4
4.6 -7.4
5
1.6
5.3 -8.7
5
1.1
3.1-5.8
5
C12:0 lauric acid
0.03
0.04
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.02-0.06
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
15.4
17.1
g/kg
18.8
% FA
2.6
14.7-23.9
40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.1
0.2
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C18:0 stearic acid
1.7
1.9
g/kg
2.1
% FA
0.5
0.9-3.7
40
C18:1 oleic acid
32.7
36.4
g/kg
39.9
% FA
3.3
28.9-45
40
C18:2 linoleic acid
29.3
32.6
g/kg
35.8
% FA
3.5
30-41
41
C18:3 linolenic acid
1.2
1.3
g/kg
1.5
% FA
0.5
1-3.7
40
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.4
0.5
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
7
Fatty acids
8.2
9.1
%
70
% fat
DE growing pig (kcal)
3480
3880
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
3370
3750
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2600
2900
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3590
4000
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3450
3840
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2680
2990
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
79
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
81.6
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
76.8
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
74
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
81.5
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
84.2
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
82
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
1.3
1.5
g/kg
12
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2930
3260
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2840
3160
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
38
42
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
85
95
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
74
83
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2740
3060
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
75
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
76.8
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
65.4
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
85
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
76.9
%
Absorbable P ruminants
7
7.8
g/kg
64
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
68
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
42
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
41
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.105
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
73
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
19
%
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
81
%
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.12
h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
70
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.5
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.2
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.3
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
79.6
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
76.5
%
Horse Forage Unit
1.04
1.16
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
92
103
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3300
3680
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
3200
3570
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
75
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
61.1
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
4.2
4.7
g/kg
77
%
1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
3.7
g/kg
70
%
1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
2.3
2.5
g/kg
82
%
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.4
1.5
g/kg
75
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3.6
4.1
g/kg
80
%
1
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.8
2
g/kg
79
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
4.9
5.5
g/kg
77
%
1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
5.3
5.9
g/kg
76
%
1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
6.9
7.7
g/kg
78
%
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.6
5.2
g/kg
79
%
1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
4
4.5
g/kg
85
%
1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
8.6
9.6
g/kg
81
%
1
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
2.7
3
g/kg
85
%
1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
8.1
9
g/kg
87
%
1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
5.9
6.6
g/kg
77
%
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
8.4
9.4
g/kg
75
%
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
15.1
16.8
g/kg
84
%
1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
4.3
4.8
g/kg
68
%
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
4.9
g/kg
76
%
1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
3.9
4.3
g/kg
63
%
1
Gross energy (MJ)
18.4
20.6
MJ/kg
-
18 -20.7
3
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.2
0.3
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
57
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.05
1.17
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.03
1.15
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
33
37
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
80
89
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
2
2
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.03
1.14
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1
1.11
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
36
41
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
81
90
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
1
1
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1800
2010
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1760
1960
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2780
3090
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
75.4
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
73.7
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
66
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.6
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.3
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.4
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.3
12.5
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.3
8.1
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7
7.8
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
66
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.98
1.09
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.94
1.05
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
41
46
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
84
94
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-3
-3
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.206
0.23
per kg
-
Sulfur
1.4
1.6
g/kg
-
Iron
111
124
mg/kg
-
Selenium
0.1
0.2
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.5
0.5
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.7
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.03-0.7
3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.1-0.4
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.2
0.3
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
2
2.2
g/kg
18
%
Available P cockerel
2.7
3
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
2.7
3
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.99
1.11
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.96
1.07
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2530
2820
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
57.3
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
82.3
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.4
5
g/kg
81
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.6
4
g/kg
77
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.3
2.6
g/kg
85
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.3
1.5
g/kg
73
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4.1
g/kg
80
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.8
2
g/kg
80
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.2
5.8
g/kg
82
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.7
6.3
g/kg
81
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.3
8.2
g/kg
82
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.9
5.5
g/kg
83
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.8
4.3
g/kg
81
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.7
9.7
g/kg
82
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.5
2.8
g/kg
80
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.8
8.7
g/kg
84
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.2
6.9
g/kg
81
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
8.6
9.6
g/kg
77
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
15.1
16.9
g/kg
85
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
5
5.5
g/kg
78
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.6
5.1
g/kg
79
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
5
5.5
g/kg
81
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
14.6
16.2
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
14.1
15.7
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
10.9
12.2
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
15
16.8
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.4
16.1
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
11.2
12.5
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
12.3
13.7
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
11.9
13.2
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.5
12.8
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
13.8
15.4
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
13.4
14.9
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
10.6
11.8
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
994
1108
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1048
1168
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
58
65
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
23
26
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
3.2
3.6
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.3
1.5
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
75.2
83.9
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.33
3.71
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.79
1.99
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.69
1.88
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.85
2.06
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.26
1.4
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
30
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
34
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7
7.8
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
153
171
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-4
-5
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
35.6
39.7
%
-
Chlorine
0.8
0.9
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
131
146
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
220
245
mEq/kg
-
Vitamin A
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin E
49.3
54.9
mg/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.02
0.02
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
27.5
30.7
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2.8
3.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
40.7
45.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
340
379
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
74
82.5
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0
0
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-
Choline
1131
1261
mg/kg
-