Dry matter 95.7 100 % - 1.1 91 -97.5 101 1.6 Crude protein 14.4 15 % - 3.5 7 -26.4 202 3.6 9.2 -27.7 100 Crude fibre 0 0 % - Ash 8.5 8.8 % - 1.9 2.8 -16 201 2 3.3 -14.1 101 Insoluble ash 0.6 0.6 % - 1 1 NDF 0 0 % - ADF 0 0 % - Lignin 0 0 % - Starch 0 0 % - Lactose 44.8 46.8 % - 6.7 25.5 -67 82 7 29.2 -63.5 40 Gross energy (kcal) 4150 4330 kcal/kg - 3820 -4190 2 3940 -4430 2 Calcium 8.8 9.2 g/kg - 2.5 2.2 -15.9 76 2.6 2.3 -13.5 62 Phosphorus 7.2 7.6 g/kg - 1.4 3 -9.6 76 1.5 3.1 -10.1 62 Potassium 20.6 21.5 g/kg - 1 1 Sodium 6.41 6.7 g/kg - 1.95 2.1 -10.2 58 2.04 2.18 -10.83 57 Chlorine 14.4 15 g/kg - 5.7 4.8 -27.5 62 5.9 5 -28.6 62 Sulfur 4.6 4.8 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 112 117 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 402 420 mEq/kg - Manganese 2 2 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 10.7 11.2 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 1 1 Threonine 8.2 8.6 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 1 1 Methionine 2.2 2.3 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 1 1 Cystine 2.6 2.7 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1 1 Methionine + cystine 4.8 5 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1 1 Tryptophan 2 2.1 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 1 1 Isoleucine 7.7 8.1 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 1 1 Valine 7.4 7.7 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1 1 Leucine 12.3 12.8 g/kg 8.5 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine 4.2 4.4 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1 1 Tyrosine 2.5 2.6 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 6.7 7 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1 1 Histidine 2.8 2.9 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 1 1 Arginine 3.3 3.4 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 1 1 Alanine 6 6.2 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1 1 Aspartic acid 12.7 13.3 g/kg 8.8 g/16g N 1 1 Glutamic acid 22.3 23.3 g/kg 15.5 g/16g N 1 1 Glycine 2.7 2.8 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 1 1 Serine 6.5 6.8 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1 1 Proline 5.1 5.4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1 1 Fatty acids 9.5 9.9 % 95 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 3950 4130 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3830 4000 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 3030 3160 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3950 4130 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3820 3990 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 3020 3150 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 95.3 % OM digestibility growing pig - 98.9 % N digestibility growing pig - 95 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 81 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 88 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 95.3 % OM digestibility adult pig - 98.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 95 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 6.5 6.8 g/kg 90 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2530 2640 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2530 2640 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 8 9 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 86 90 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 75 78 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3200 3340 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 92.8 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 94 % N digestibility ruminants - 75.3 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 95 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.1 % Absorbable P ruminants 6 6.3 g/kg 83 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.8 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE DE salmonids (kcal) 3430 3580 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 82.6 % 71.5-93.7 2 N digestibility salmonids - 88.2 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.4 18.1 MJ/kg - 16 -17.6 2 16.5 -18.6 2 Absorbable Ca ruminants 4.8 5 g/kg 55 % Ca UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.25 1.31 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.3 1.36 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 14 15 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 75 78 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 21 22 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.23 1.29 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.28 1.33 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 18 18 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 77 80 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 20 21 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2170 2270 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2250 2350 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3180 3320 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 92.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 87 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.7 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13.3 13.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.1 9.5 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.4 9.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.19 1.25 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.23 1.28 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 23 24 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 81 85 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 15 15 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.036 0.038 per kg - Crude fat 9.9 10.4 % - 1.7 4.8 -10.9 10 Water insoluble cell walls 0 0 % - Total sugars 44.8 46.8 % - Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P Magnesium 1.4 1.5 g/kg - Zinc 63 65 mg/kg - Copper 2 2 mg/kg - Iron 9 9 mg/kg - Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 5 5 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 3.7 3.9 g/kg 3.9 % FA 1 C12:0 lauric acid 3.1 3.3 g/kg 3.3 % FA 1 C14:0 myristic acid 10.2 10.7 g/kg 10.8 % FA 1 C16:0 palmitic acid 27.7 28.9 g/kg 29.3 % FA 1 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 2.6 2.7 g/kg 2.7 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 12.1 12.6 g/kg 12.8 % FA 1 C18:1 oleic acid 20.5 21.4 g/kg 21.7 % FA 1 C18:2 linoleic acid 3.8 4 g/kg 4 % FA 1 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.9 1 g/kg 1 % FA 1 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.4 % FA 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 1 1.1 g/kg 1.1 % FA 1 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.8 0.8 g/kg 0.8 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 6.5 6.8 g/kg 90 % Available P cockerel 6.2 6.4 g/kg 85 % P Available P broiler 6.2 6.4 g/kg 85 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.23 1.28 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.26 1.32 per kg - Immediately degradable N (a) - 90 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 10 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1 DE rabbit (kcal) 3570 3730 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3450 3600 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 86.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 64.3 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 9.5 10 g/kg 89 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 7 7.3 g/kg 85 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.1 g/kg 92 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.4 g/kg 88 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.5 g/kg 90 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 1.8 g/kg 87 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 7.1 g/kg 88 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 6.4 6.7 g/kg 87 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 11.1 11.6 g/kg 91 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4 g/kg 90 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.3 g/kg 90 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.3 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.6 g/kg 91 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3 g/kg 88 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.2 g/kg 84 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 11.4 11.9 g/kg 89 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 20.4 21.3 g/kg 91 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.1 g/kg 75 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.5 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 4.7 g/kg 87 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.1 10.5 g/kg 94 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 7.5 g/kg 88 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.3 g/kg 97 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.3 g/kg 86 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.6 g/kg 91 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 1.9 g/kg 90 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7 7.3 g/kg 90 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 6.9 g/kg 90 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 11 11.5 g/kg 90 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4 g/kg 90 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.3 g/kg 90 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.3 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.6 g/kg 89 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 5.8 g/kg 93 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 11.3 11.8 g/kg 89 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 19.6 20.5 g/kg 88 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.5 g/kg 90 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 5.9 g/kg 88 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.6 g/kg 86 % DE growing pig (MJ) 16.5 17.3 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 16 16.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 12.7 13.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 16.5 17.3 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 16 16.7 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 12.6 13.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.6 11.1 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.6 11.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 13.4 14 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 14.9 15.6 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 14.4 15.1 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 14.3 15 MJ/kg - NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 % VEM CVB 2018 1228 1283 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1379 1441 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 70 73 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 28 30 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.3 5.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.7 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 89.9 93.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4 4.18 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.18 2.28 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.07 2.16 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.27 2.37 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.59 1.66 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 5 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 6 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.7 9.1 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 163 170 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -3 -3 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Biotin 0.4 0.4 mg/kg -