Dry matter 91 100 % - 1.9 86.8 -94.1 23 3 Crude protein 34.5 37.9 % - 3.2 27.2 -39.6 23 3.4 31.3 -45.1 26 Crude fibre 11.1 12.2 % - 2.2 7.3 -16 14 2.4 8.3 -17.5 15 Crude fat 12.3 13.5 % - 4.8 6.1 -22.6 16 5.3 6.6 -26 20 Ash 5.5 6 % - 0.5 4.7 -6.5 14 0.6 5.2 -7.4 16 NDF 23 25.3 % - 8.3 20.9 -34.8 5 9.2 23.7 -48.8 6 ADF 15.5 17 % - 4 13.1 -19.4 4 4.4 14.4 -26.6 5 Lignin 6.9 7.6 % - 1 1 Water insoluble cell walls 28.3 31.1 % - Starch 6 6.6 % - Total sugars 4 4.4 % - 1 1 Gross energy (kcal) 4780 5250 kcal/kg - 280 4560 -4800 4 290 4570 -5300 7 Calcium 3.4 3.8 g/kg - 1.6 2.3 -6.6 6 1.8 2.1 -7.5 9 Phosphorus 8.6 9.5 g/kg - 1.3 7.4 -10.1 7 1.4 7.5 -11.4 10 Phytate phosphorus 5.2 5.7 g/kg 60 % P 9 54-86 13 Magnesium 3.6 4 g/kg - 3.8 -4.1 2 Potassium 12 13.2 g/kg - 1 11.5 -14.9 3 Sodium 0.05 0.05 g/kg - 1 0.01 -0.11 3 Chlorine 0.6 0.7 g/kg - 1 1 Sulfur 6.5 7.1 g/kg - 6.3 -8 2 Dietary cation-anion difference -115 -126 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 292 321 mEq/kg - Manganese 22 24 mg/kg - 23 -25 2 Zinc 44 48 mg/kg - 45 -51 2 Copper 6 7 mg/kg - 7 -7 2 Iron 124 137 mg/kg - 125 -148 2 Lysine 16 17.6 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.3 14.7 -17.2 7 1.3 15.1 -18.9 9 0.2 4.4-4.9 9 Threonine 13.6 14.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.4 12.3 -15.6 6 1.5 12.3 -17.1 9 0.3 3.7-4.7 9 Methionine 6.6 7.3 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 1.1 6.1 -9.1 8 0.3 1.7-2.5 8 Cystine 7.9 8.7 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.7 7 -8.3 5 0.8 7.2 -9.5 7 0.3 2-2.9 7 Methionine + cystine 14.5 16 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.5 13 -16.4 6 1.6 13.5 -17.9 8 0.6 3.8-5.3 8 Tryptophan 4 4.4 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 0.9 3.2 -5.4 5 0.2 0.9-1.4 5 Isoleucine 13.2 14.5 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 2.8 11 -19.6 6 3 11.6 -21.4 9 0.8 3.3-5.9 9 Valine 18.1 19.9 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 1.7 17.4 -21.1 6 1.8 17 -23.1 9 0.5 4.8-6.4 9 Leucine 22.5 24.7 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 2.5 20 -26.5 6 2.7 20.7 -29 9 0.6 5.9-8 9 Phenylalanine 13.7 15.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1 12.3 -14.4 6 1 13.3 -15.8 9 0.2 3.7-4.2 9 Tyrosine 8.6 9.5 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 1.2 7.3 -10.3 6 0.2 2.2-2.7 6 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 22.3 24.5 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 2.1 20.6 -26.1 6 0.3 6.1-6.9 6 Histidine 7.9 8.6 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.6 7.3 -8.5 6 0.7 7.2 -9.3 9 0.1 2-2.4 9 Arginine 26.4 29 g/kg 7.7 g/16g N 5 25.7 -29.2 6 5.4 14.3 -31.9 9 1.5 3.8-8.8 9 Alanine 14.8 16.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 13.1 -15.5 4 1.1 14 -17 7 0.2 3.9-4.5 7 Aspartic acid 26.8 29.4 g/kg 7.8 g/16g N 2.7 23.1 -28.8 4 2.9 24.7 -31.6 7 0.5 6.9-8.3 7 Glutamic acid 54.8 60.2 g/kg 15.9 g/16g N 4.4 49.9 -57.9 4 4.7 51.3 -63.7 7 0.9 14.5-17.3 7 Glycine 17.2 18.9 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.2 15.9 -18.1 4 1.3 16.8 -19.9 6 0.1 4.8-5.1 6 Serine 13.8 15.2 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.2 13.8 -15.1 4 1.3 12.9 -16.4 7 0.2 3.7-4.3 7 Proline 17.1 18.8 g/kg 5 g/16g N 15.2 -18.6 4 16.3 -20.4 4 4.6-5.4 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA 1 C16:0 palmitic acid 8 8.8 g/kg 8.1 % FA 1.7 6-10.3 5 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1-0.2 2 C18:0 stearic acid 2.5 2.7 g/kg 2.5 % FA 2.3-2.9 4 C18:1 oleic acid 18 19.7 g/kg 18.3 % FA 3.3 14.5-21.7 5 C18:2 linoleic acid 24.2 26.6 g/kg 24.6 % FA 3.8 20.9-28.8 5 C18:3 linolenic acid 32.7 35.9 g/kg 33.2 % FA 24.2-41.3 4 Fatty acids 9.8 10.8 % 80 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 3580 3930 kcal/kg - 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3340 3670 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 2280 2500 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3750 4120 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3460 3800 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2380 2610 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 74.9 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 76.6 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 83.5 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 62.1 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 73.1 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 78.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 80.5 % N digestibility adult pig - 86.4 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2.8 3 g/kg 32 % 1 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2490 2740 kcal/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2130 2340 kcal/kg - 1 1 Available P broiler 2.2 2.4 g/kg 25 % P PDIA INRA 2007 101 111 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 231 254 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 143 157 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2940 3240 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 79.8 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 78.7 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 77.4 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 6.1 6.7 g/kg 71 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 69 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 27 % 7 8-27 6 Potentially degradable N (b) - 67 % 14 54-89 6 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.1 h-1 0.045 0.02-0.14 6 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 76.8 % Energy digestibility horse - 73.9 % Horse Forage Unit 0.93 1.02 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 268 294 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3310 3630 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2980 3280 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 69.2 % N digestibility rabbit - 77 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 8.5 9.4 g/kg 53 % 1 8.4 -9.7 2 53-54 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.5 g/kg 51 % 1 6.8 -7.7 2 50-52 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.4 g/kg 74 % 1 70-78 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.6 g/kg 54 % 1 49-58 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 9.6 g/kg 63 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.5 g/kg 80 % 1 2.6 -4.3 2 80-81 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.5 9.4 g/kg 65 % 1 62-68 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 11.7 12.9 g/kg 65 % 1 60-70 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 15.6 17.1 g/kg 69 % 1 66-73 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 9.4 10.3 g/kg 69 % 1 9.6 -10.5 2 66-71 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.3 g/kg 56 % 1 53-59 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 13.7 15.1 g/kg 64 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.3 g/kg 73 % 1 71-75 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 22.2 24.4 g/kg 84 % 1 23.5 -25.8 2 83-85 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 9 9.9 g/kg 61 % 1 59-62 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 17.2 18.9 g/kg 64 % 1 17 -20 2 63-65 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 41.8 45.9 g/kg 76 % 1 39.9 -46.1 2 75-78 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 10.1 11.1 g/kg 59 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.6 g/kg 56 % 1 7.5 -9.1 2 55-57 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.5 g/kg 77 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.9 10.8 g/kg 73 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.2 g/kg 86 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.3 g/kg 73 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 11 12 g/kg 79 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.7 g/kg 84 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.5 11.5 g/kg 79 % 1 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.7 16.1 g/kg 81 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.7 19.4 g/kg 79 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.4 12.6 g/kg 83 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.5 7.1 g/kg 75 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.3 19 g/kg 80 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.1 g/kg 82 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.8 26.1 g/kg 90 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.2 12.3 g/kg 76 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 22.1 24.3 g/kg 83 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 47.9 52.7 g/kg 88 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.3 14.6 g/kg 77 % 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.1 11.1 g/kg 73 % 1 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 12.2 13.4 g/kg 71 % 1 Gross energy (MJ) 20 22 MJ/kg - 1.2 19.1 -20.1 4 1.2 19.1 -22.2 7 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.9 2.1 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.16 1.28 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.15 1.26 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 77 84 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 125 138 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 166 183 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.13 1.25 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.11 1.22 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 90 99 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 137 150 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 153 169 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1990 2190 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1960 2150 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3060 3360 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 77.4 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 78.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12.8 14.1 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.4 9.2 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.2 9 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 57 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.08 1.19 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.05 1.15 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 108 119 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 154 169 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 134 147 g/kg - Insoluble ash 0.3 0.3 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 1.5 1.6 g/kg 1.5 % FA 1.4-1.6 2 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 11.4 12.6 g/kg 11.6 % FA 10.1-13 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 1 1 C22:1 erucic acid 2 2.2 g/kg 2 % FA 0.8-3.4 4 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 4.2 4.6 g/kg 48 % Available P cockerel 2.2 2.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.07 1.17 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.02 1.12 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 3270 3590 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 68.4 % N digestibility salmonids - 86.8 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 13.6 14.9 g/kg 79 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15 16.5 MJ/kg - 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 14 15.4 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 9.5 10.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.7 17.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.5 15.9 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.9 10.9 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.4 11.5 MJ/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.9 9.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.3 13.5 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.8 15.2 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.5 13.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 13.7 15 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1064 1170 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1118 1229 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 128 140 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 161 177 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.7 4.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 73.7 81 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.55 3.9 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.93 2.13 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.83 2.01 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2 2.19 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.38 1.51 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 29 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 35 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.5 8.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 232 254 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 18 20 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.284 0.313 per kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.4 1.6 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -