Dry matter 17.5 100 % - 3.8 11.1 -24.9 19 30.9 Crude protein 1.1 6.5 % - 0.3 0.6 -1.8 16 1.3 4.1 -9.1 25 Crude fibre 2.1 12.1 % - 0.8 1.3 -4.5 9 4.1 7.4 -23.2 18 Crude fat 0.8 4.3 % - 0.4 0.08 -1.6 7 2 0.4 -8.3 15 Ash 0.8 4.4 % - 0.3 0.5 -1.2 13 1.3 3 -9.2 22 NDF 3.5 19.7 % - 1.2 2.9 -7.1 8 5.6 18.4 -36.3 8 ADF 2.5 14.3 % - 1.2 0.6 -4.2 6 6.2 4 -25.3 14 Lignin 0.4 2 % - 1 1.4 1 -5.7 9 Water insoluble cell walls 2.1 11.9 % - Starch 0.8 4.4 % - 1 1 Total sugars 4.5 25.8 % - 1 1 Gross energy (kcal) 770 4380 kcal/kg - 1 3520 -4700 2 Calcium 1.4 7.8 g/kg - 0.3 0.9 -2 6 1 6.1 -9.4 7 Phosphorus 0.3 1.5 g/kg - 0.1 0.05 -0.4 5 0.6 0.3 -2 6 Phytate phosphorus 0.1 0.6 g/kg 40 % P Magnesium 0.1 0.7 g/kg - 1 1 Potassium 0.9 5.1 g/kg - 1 1 Sodium 0.1 0.6 g/kg - 1 1 Chlorine 0.06 0.3 g/kg - Sulfur 0.2 1.2 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 12 70 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 26 148 mEq/kg - Manganese 1 8 mg/kg - Zinc 2 14 mg/kg - Copper 0.9 5 mg/kg - 1 1 Iron 14 80 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.03 0.2 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.04 0.2 mg/kg - Iodine 0.02 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 0.4 2.2 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 0.7 1.9-4 8 Threonine 0.4 2.1 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.4 2.3-3.6 7 Methionine 0.1 0.8 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 0.1 1-1.4 7 Cystine 0.1 0.6 g/kg 1 g/16g N 0.1 0.8-1.1 5 Methionine + cystine 0.2 1.4 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N Tryptophan 0.1 0.6 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 0.8-1 2 Isoleucine 0.4 2.1 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.6 2-4.1 8 Valine 0.5 2.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.7 2.8-4.9 7 Leucine 0.6 3.6 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 0.7 4-6.5 8 Phenylalanine 0.5 2.6 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1 2.1-5 7 Tyrosine 0.3 1.8 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.8 1.1-3.3 6 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 0.8 4.5 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N Histidine 0.2 1.4 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.6 1-2.7 8 Arginine 0.5 3.1 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.1 2.5-5.7 7 Alanine 0.5 2.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.5 3.3-5 7 Aspartic acid 1.2 6.6 g/kg 10.1 g/16g N 1.7 7.5-11.9 7 Glutamic acid 0.9 5.3 g/kg 8.2 g/16g N 1.1 6.5-9.9 7 Glycine 0.5 2.8 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.6 3-5 7 Serine 0.5 2.7 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.9 2.6-5 6 Proline 0.9 5.4 g/kg 8.3 g/16g N 1 C12:0 lauric acid 0.04 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.8 0.4-2.5 12 C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.2 g/kg 0.7 % FA 0.6-0.8 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 1 5.9 g/kg 22.5 % FA 2.6 18-26.4 17 C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 1.2 g/kg 4.8 % FA 4.1 1.7-15.9 17 C18:1 oleic acid 0.7 3.9 g/kg 14.9 % FA 9.8 2.4-31.9 17 C18:2 linoleic acid 1.5 8.5 g/kg 32.8 % FA 8.4 14.6-44.7 17 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.9 5.2 g/kg 19.8 % FA 9.6 6.3-36.6 17 Fatty acids 0.5 2.6 % 60 % fat 4 56-66 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 590 3370 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 570 3240 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 380 2160 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 650 3690 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 610 3460 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 420 2370 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 77 % OM digestibility growing pig - 80.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 64.7 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 56.8 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 84.2 % OM digestibility adult pig - 86.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 93.6 % PDIA INRA 2007 4 23 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 8 46 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 17 94 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 540 3090 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 84.1 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 87.3 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 64.5 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 92 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 71.2 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 66 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 71 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.1 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 71.5 % Energy digestibility horse - 68.9 % Horse Forage Unit 0.16 0.92 per kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 540 3070 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 530 3010 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 70.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 63.7 % Gross energy (MJ) 3.2 18.3 MJ/kg - 1 14.7 -19.7 2 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.3 1.6 g/kg 20 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 82 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.21 1.21 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.22 1.23 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 3 18 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 14 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -12 -67 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.21 1.19 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.21 1.21 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 4 21 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 14 82 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -12 -67 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 370 2100 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 370 2130 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 550 3130 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 82.7 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 65 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.1 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.3 13.3 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.6 8.9 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.6 9.1 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.2 1.15 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.2 1.16 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 4 25 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 15 85 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -12 -70 g/kg - Insoluble ash 0.05 0.3 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.06 0.3 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1.2 0-4.1 16 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.01 0.07 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.3 0-0.7 12 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.03 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5 0-1.3 12 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.05 0.3 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.5 0-1.8 12 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.08 0.4 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.1 0.7 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 280 1610 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 280 1570 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.06 0.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.06 0.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.2 1.16 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.2 1.15 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 0.2 1.3 g/kg 91 % P Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 59 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.065 h-1 1 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 34 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 61 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.095 h-1 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 380 2170 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 49.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 74.1 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.7 g/kg 79 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.6 g/kg 78 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.7 g/kg 85 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.08 0.5 g/kg 77 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 1.1 g/kg 81 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.08 0.5 g/kg 79 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.7 g/kg 82 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.2 g/kg 81 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 3 g/kg 84 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.2 g/kg 85 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.5 g/kg 83 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 3.8 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 1.1 g/kg 83 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 2.8 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.3 g/kg 80 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 5.4 g/kg 81 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 4.6 g/kg 87 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.1 g/kg 78 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.2 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 4.4 g/kg 82 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.8 g/kg 80 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.6 g/kg 76 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.1 0.7 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.08 0.5 g/kg 73 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 1.1 g/kg 79 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.08 0.5 g/kg 79 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.7 g/kg 81 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.2 g/kg 80 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 2.9 g/kg 82 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.2 g/kg 82 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.5 g/kg 80 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 3.6 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 1.1 g/kg 79 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 2.6 g/kg 83 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.3 g/kg 80 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 5.1 g/kg 76 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 4.5 g/kg 84 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.1 g/kg 77 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.1 g/kg 79 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 4.3 g/kg 80 % DE growing pig (MJ) 2.5 14.1 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 2.4 13.6 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 1.6 9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 2.7 15.4 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 2.5 14.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 1.7 9.9 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 1.2 6.8 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 1.2 6.6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 2.3 12.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 2.2 12.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 2.2 12.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 1.6 9.1 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 202 1155 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 221 1264 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 15 85 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -13 -75 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 1.1 6.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.4 2.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 13.9 79.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 0.6 3.42 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.3 1.73 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.29 1.64 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.33 1.87 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.22 1.23 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 32 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 37 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 1.4 8.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 26 147 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -2 -13 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.038 0.218 per kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.01 0.05 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -