Dry matter 91.3 100 % - 2.2 87.5 -96.8 18 3.5 Crude protein 25.7 28.2 % - 3.5 21.5 -36.5 24 3.8 21 -37.9 28 Crude fibre 10.1 11.1 % - 3.9 0.9 -15.2 17 4.3 0.9 -16.1 18 Crude fat 6.6 7.3 % - 1.7 4.4 -10.6 16 1.8 4.2 -11.7 18 Ash 4.9 5.3 % - 1.2 2.7 -6.3 16 1.3 3 -8.4 18 Insoluble ash 1 1.1 % - 0.2 0.8 -1.3 5 0.2 0.9 -1.4 5 NDF 39.2 42.9 % - 7.3 24.2 -49.3 9 7.9 26.4 -56.3 10 ADF 16.3 17.8 % - 6.1 6.3 -25.6 9 6.7 6.9 -33.9 14 Lignin 3.2 3.5 % - 1.7 0.8 -8.1 13 1.9 0.9 -9.3 17 Water insoluble cell walls 36.1 39.5 % - Starch 2.6 2.8 % - 0.8 0.8 -3.4 14 0.8 0.9 -3.8 12 Total sugars 3.2 3.5 % - 2.6 0.8 -10.2 10 2.9 0.8 -11 12 Gross energy (kcal) 4600 5040 kcal/kg - 220 4550 -4830 9 200 4420 -5210 12 Calcium 1.6 1.8 g/kg - 0.6 0.6 -1.9 7 0.7 0.7 -3.3 11 Phosphorus 7.8 8.5 g/kg - 1.8 4.8 -10.3 7 1.9 5.1 -11.1 11 Magnesium 2.8 3 g/kg - 0.6 1.5 -3.5 6 0.7 1.6 -3.8 8 Potassium 9 9.9 g/kg - 1.1 7.1 -10.9 6 1.2 7.6 -11.9 8 Sodium 1.19 1.3 g/kg - 1.06 0.37 -3.25 6 1.16 0.4 -3.5 8 Chlorine 2.9 3.2 g/kg - 0.4 2.6 -3.7 5 0.4 3 -4 5 Sulfur 3.3 3.6 g/kg - 0.3 3.3 -3.6 5 0.3 3.1 -3.9 6 Dietary cation-anion difference -6 -7 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 201 220 mEq/kg - Manganese 32 36 mg/kg - 1 30 -36 6 1 34 -38 8 Zinc 52 57 mg/kg - 6 47 -63 6 6 48 -67 8 Copper 34 38 mg/kg - 16 6 -50 6 18 7 -54 8 Iron 205 225 mg/kg - 32 167 -256 6 35 189 -276 6 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.2 0.09 -0.5 5 0.2 0.1 -0.5 5 Cobalt 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - 0.09 -0.09 4 0.1 -0.1 4 Molybdenum 1 2 mg/kg - 0.6 1 -2 5 0.6 1 -3 5 Iodine 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.05 0.2 -0.3 5 0.05 0.2 -0.3 5 Lysine 8.2 9 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 3 3.4 -12.1 9 3.2 3.9 -13.2 10 1.2 1.4-4.8 10 Threonine 9.3 10.2 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1 6.7 -10.4 9 1 7.3 -11 10 0.2 3.1-3.9 10 Methionine 3.7 4.1 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.6 2.5 -4.6 8 0.7 2.9 -5 9 0.2 1-1.7 9 Cystine 4.5 4.9 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.5 3.5 -5 7 0.5 4 -5.3 8 0.2 1.5-2 8 Methionine + cystine 8.2 9 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.8 6.6 -9.6 7 0.8 7.5 -10.3 8 0.3 2.9-3.7 8 Tryptophan 3.5 3.8 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Isoleucine 9.8 10.7 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1.2 7.2 -11.5 9 1.3 8.2 -12.2 10 0.4 2.9-4.1 10 Valine 13.5 14.7 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 2.2 9.6 -18.8 9 2.4 11 -19.9 10 0.7 3.8-6.5 10 Leucine 18.6 20.3 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N 2.8 14.3 -23.7 9 3 15.6 -25.6 10 0.7 6.4-8.8 10 Phenylalanine 12.2 13.3 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.4 10.1 -14.4 9 1.5 11.5 -15.5 10 0.5 4-5.5 10 Tyrosine 7.6 8.4 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1.3 6 -9.5 8 1.4 6.6 -11 9 0.4 2.5-3.8 9 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 19.6 21.5 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 2.4 17 -23.9 8 2.5 19.2 -25.8 9 0.7 6.8-8.8 9 Histidine 6.1 6.7 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 1.4 2.9 -8.2 9 1.6 3.3 -8.8 10 0.5 1.1-3 10 Arginine 11.9 13 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 2.4 9.5 -15.8 9 2.6 10.1 -18.1 10 0.9 3.3-6.3 10 Alanine 12.7 14 g/kg 5 g/16g N 2.3 7.8 -14.7 9 2.5 8.5 -16 10 0.9 3.6-6.2 10 Aspartic acid 15.9 17.5 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 2.2 11.2 -18.1 9 2.3 12.2 -19.5 10 0.8 4.9-7 10 Glutamic acid 50.5 55.3 g/kg 19.6 g/16g N 8.9 38.6 -60 9 9.6 42.6 -69.3 10 3.5 15.4-24.4 10 Glycine 10.6 11.6 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1.4 7.5 -12 9 1.5 8.2 -12.9 10 0.5 3.3-4.7 10 Serine 10.8 11.8 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.1 9 -12 9 1.1 9.8 -13.6 10 0.4 3.9-5 10 Proline 24 26.3 g/kg 9.3 g/16g N 1.7 22.1 -25.7 6 1.7 23.2 -28 7 0.9 8-10.7 7 C16:0 palmitic acid 10.4 11.4 g/kg 21.2 % FA 2.3 7.9 -13 5 2.5 8.5 -14.4 5 2 19-26.9 13 C18:0 stearic acid 0.5 0.6 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.1 0.5 -0.8 5 0.5 0.6-2.3 12 C18:1 oleic acid 6.6 7.2 g/kg 13.4 % FA 0.7 5 -7 5 0.8 5.4 -7.5 5 2.2 11.4-17.8 12 C18:2 linoleic acid 27.5 30.1 g/kg 55.9 % FA 3.8 23.2 -31.7 5 4.1 25 -34.8 5 1.2 53-57.5 12 C18:3 linolenic acid 4.3 4.7 g/kg 8.7 % FA 1 2.1 -4.4 5 1.1 2.3 -4.9 5 2.3 4.4-11.6 12 Fatty acids 4.9 5.4 % 74 % fat 3 70-77 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 2960 3240 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2740 3000 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1760 1930 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3130 3420 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2850 3130 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1880 2060 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 64.2 % OM digestibility growing pig - 67 % N digestibility growing pig - 83.2 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 82.8 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 60.5 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 67.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 70.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 87.2 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2190 2390 kcal/kg - 610 1960 -3430 6 660 2110 -3580 6 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2140 2340 kcal/kg - 1 PDIA INRA 2007 126 138 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 189 207 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 164 179 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2630 2880 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 71.9 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 72.2 % N digestibility ruminants - 73.8 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 75.3 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 48 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 84 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 50 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.6 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 65.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 63.1 % Horse Forage Unit 0.75 0.82 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 190 208 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2950 3230 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 2740 3000 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 64.1 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 68.4 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.6 g/kg 73 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.6 g/kg 84 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.6 g/kg 89 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.2 g/kg 87 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.6 g/kg 88 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 86 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 9.6 g/kg 89 % 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 11.6 12.7 g/kg 86 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 16.7 18.2 g/kg 90 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.3 g/kg 92 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 7.8 g/kg 93 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 18.2 19.9 g/kg 93 % 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.8 g/kg 87 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 11 12.1 g/kg 93 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 10.2 11.1 g/kg 80 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 13.3 14.6 g/kg 83 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 46.8 51.3 g/kg 93 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.5 g/kg 82 % 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 9.6 10.6 g/kg 89 % 1 Gross energy (MJ) 19.3 21.1 MJ/kg - 0.9 19 -20.2 9 0.8 18.5 -21.8 12 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 55 % Ca UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.99 1.09 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.95 1.04 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 99 109 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 146 160 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 55 60 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.97 1.06 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.92 1 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 108 119 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 153 168 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 47 51 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1700 1860 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1610 1770 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2670 2920 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 70.8 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 70.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 50 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 84 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.7 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.8 11.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.8 7.5 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.4 7 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 48 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.91 0.99 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.84 0.92 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 125 137 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 168 184 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 30 32 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.327 0.358 per kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3-0.5 2 Phytate phosphorus 4.7 5.1 g/kg 60 % P C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 0.9 % FA 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2.3 2.6 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3.5 3.8 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.93 1.02 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.87 0.96 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 6.1 6.7 g/kg 78 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 2850 3120 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 61.9 % N digestibility salmonids - 85.9 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 17.1 18.7 g/kg 71 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.4 g/kg 71 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.3 6.9 g/kg 68 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.2 g/kg 78 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 67 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.2 g/kg 72 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.7 g/kg 72 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.3 8 g/kg 75 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.8 10.7 g/kg 73 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.7 15 g/kg 74 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.2 10.1 g/kg 75 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 5.9 g/kg 70 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.4 15.8 g/kg 73 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.8 g/kg 72 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 9 9.9 g/kg 76 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.2 10.1 g/kg 73 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.1 g/kg 70 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 38.7 42.4 g/kg 77 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 7.9 g/kg 68 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.5 g/kg 71 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 17.6 19.3 g/kg 73 % DE growing pig (MJ) 12.4 13.5 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 11.5 12.6 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.4 8.1 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.1 14.3 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11.9 13.1 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 7.9 8.6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.1 10 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.9 9.8 MJ/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11 12 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.4 13.5 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 11.5 12.5 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 11.9 13.1 MJ/kg - NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % 1 VEM CVB 2018 933 1022 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 956 1047 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 147 161 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 47 51 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.6 3.9 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 66.2 72.4 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.07 3.37 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.57 1.72 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.48 1.62 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 1.83 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.1 1.2 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.6 7.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 230 252 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 4 5 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 2.5 2.7 % - 1.4 -3 3 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -