Dry matter 88.9 100 % - 2.5 82.9 -95.3 60 4 Crude protein 22.1 24.9 % - 1.8 17 -25.7 60 1.8 19 -29 74 Crude fibre 4.6 5.2 % - 1 2.6 -7.1 41 1.1 2.8 -8 43 Crude fat 1.4 1.6 % - 0.4 0.8 -2.7 48 0.5 0.9 -3 61 Ash 4.1 4.6 % - 0.9 3.4 -8.4 49 1 3.6 -10.1 62 NDF 11.8 13.3 % - 6 7.9 -25.8 17 ADF 6.6 7.4 % - 1.1 4.6 -8.8 8 1.2 4.8 -9.9 19 Lignin 0.2 0.2 % - 0.09 -0.3 4 0.1 -0.3 4 Water insoluble cell walls 13.3 15 % - Starch 36.2 40.7 % - 5.3 20.1 -42 27 5.8 22.8 -49 36 Total sugars 4.3 4.9 % - 0.6 2.6 -5.1 18 0.7 3.1 -5.7 18 Gross energy (kcal) 3870 4350 kcal/kg - 1 1 Calcium 1.8 2.1 g/kg - 0.9 1.1 -4.2 18 1 1 -5.1 30 Phosphorus 4.5 5 g/kg - 0.8 1.9 -5.6 18 0.9 2.1 -6.3 30 Phytate phosphorus 1.5 1.6 g/kg 33 % P 1 1 Magnesium 1.8 2 g/kg - 0.3 1.6 -2.6 6 0.3 1.5 -2.8 17 Potassium 15.1 16.9 g/kg - 1.3 14 -17.4 5 1.3 13.5 -19.2 16 Sodium 0.02 0.03 g/kg - 0 -0.1 4 0 -0.11 4 Manganese 13 15 mg/kg - 1 2 12 -17 12 Zinc 33 37 mg/kg - 1 4 30 -47 12 Copper 9 11 mg/kg - 1 2 8 -15 12 Iron 75 85 mg/kg - 1 11 68 -107 12 Cobalt 0.01 0.01 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 14.6 16.4 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 2.1 10 -17.9 10 2.3 10.8 -20.3 23 0.9 4-8.4 24 Threonine 9.6 10.7 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.3 7.2 -12.3 10 1.4 8 -14 23 0.6 3.2-5.9 24 Methionine 3 3.3 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 1.1 1.5 -6.1 10 1.3 1.7 -6.6 23 0.5 0.3-2.5 24 Cystine 2.2 2.5 g/kg 1 g/16g N 0.3 1.9 -2.9 15 0.1 0.8-1.2 16 Methionine + cystine 5.2 5.8 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.6 5.2 -6.1 2 0.7 3.9 -6.9 15 0.3 1.4-2.6 16 Tryptophan 2.5 2.8 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 0.8 2.1 -5.7 17 0.3 0.9-2.1 18 Isoleucine 9.7 10.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1.3 7 -11.9 10 1.4 7.5 -13.4 23 0.7 2.8-5.9 24 Valine 11.4 12.8 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.5 8.3 -13.1 10 1.7 8.9 -15.1 23 0.7 3.4-6.7 24 Leucine 17.7 19.9 g/kg 8 g/16g N 2.4 13.5 -21.3 10 2.6 14.7 -24.1 23 1 5.5-10 24 Phenylalanine 12 13.5 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 1.8 7.8 -16 10 2 8.4 -18.1 23 0.7 3.6-7.1 24 Tyrosine 8.3 9.3 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1.7 6.5 -12.1 22 0.6 2.7-4.4 23 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 20.3 22.8 g/kg 9.2 g/16g N 2.8 14.5 -21.1 9 3.1 15.7 -27.3 22 1.1 6.8-11.1 23 Histidine 5.7 6.5 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.6 5 -7.3 9 0.7 5.2 -8.2 22 0.3 2.1-3.4 23 Arginine 14.3 16.1 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 2.1 10.8 -19.4 10 2.3 11.7 -22 23 0.9 4.9-9.2 24 Alanine 9.3 10.5 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.3 7.2 -10.5 9 1.4 8 -12.5 22 0.6 3-5.3 22 Aspartic acid 25.9 29.1 g/kg 11.7 g/16g N 5.4 12.7 -26.2 9 6.1 13.7 -38.5 22 2.3 5-14.7 22 Glutamic acid 34.7 39 g/kg 15.7 g/16g N 6.7 19.4 -53.3 9 7.4 22.4 -57.4 22 2.8 9.7-24.4 22 Glycine 8.8 9.9 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.2 6.7 -11.2 9 1.3 7.3 -12.9 22 0.6 3.1-5.6 23 Serine 13.7 15.4 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 2.7 10.2 -19.6 22 0.9 4.4-7.2 22 Proline 8.4 9.4 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1.5 4.5 -8.6 6 1.7 4.8 -11 18 0.7 2.1-5.1 18 C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0.03 % FA 1 0 -0.03 2 0.07 0-0.2 12 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.2 1.3 g/kg 9.9 % FA 1 3 5.7-16.8 13 C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 2.3 % FA 1 2.2 0.5-9.1 13 C18:1 oleic acid 1.4 1.6 g/kg 11.9 % FA 1 3 8.6-19.8 13 C18:2 linoleic acid 3.3 3.7 g/kg 27.9 % FA 1 6.7 20.6-43.1 13 C18:3 linolenic acid 5.2 5.8 g/kg 43.4 % FA 1 14.4 12.4-56.5 13 Fatty acids 1.2 1.3 % 82 % fat 4 78-89 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 3390 3820 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3210 3610 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2300 2580 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3520 3960 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3300 3710 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2370 2670 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 87.8 % OM digestibility growing pig - 89.7 % N digestibility growing pig - 90 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 22.7 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 91 % OM digestibility adult pig - 92.6 % N digestibility adult pig - 93.4 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.7 1.9 g/kg 38 % 1 AMEn cockerel, ground (kcal) 2280 2570 kcal/kg - AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal) 2540 2860 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler, ground (kcal) 2230 2500 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal) 2480 2790 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 58 65 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 148 167 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 108 122 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2690 3030 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 86.3 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.2 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 76.9 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 63.5 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 74 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 33 % 33-55 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 67 % 45-67 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.093 h-1 0.091-0.093 2 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 79 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 46 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 54 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.095 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 59 % 59-76 3 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 17 % 17-50 3 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 79 % 48-82 3 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.069 h-1 0.066-0.072 3 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 80.2 % Horse Forage Unit 0.92 1.04 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 172 194 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3080 3470 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2850 3210 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 79.7 % N digestibility rabbit - 83.6 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.2 18.2 MJ/kg - 1 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1 1.1 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 88 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.05 1.18 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.06 1.2 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 43 48 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 96 108 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 78 88 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.03 1.16 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.04 1.17 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 52 59 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 103 116 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 71 80 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1820 2040 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1830 2060 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2720 3060 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.8 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 84.9 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.6 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12 13.5 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.1 9.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.3 9.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1 1.12 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1 1.12 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 65 73 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 114 128 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 59 67 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.275 0.309 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.07 0.07 % - Chlorine 0.5 0.5 g/kg - Sulfur 1.4 1.6 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 284 319 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 374 421 mEq/kg - Selenium 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Iodine 0.01 0.01 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0 10 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 0.6 % FA 1 1.9 0-6.3 11 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.08 0.4-0.6 11 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.4 % FA 1 1.1 0-3.8 12 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.2 0.5-1.2 11 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0.01 0-0.03 10 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.3 0.3-1.4 11 Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - 0 0 -0 10 Vitamin E 0.4 0.5 mg/kg - 0.5 0.5 0 -1.3 10 Vitamin B1 thiamin 5.4 6 mg/kg - 1.5 1.6 4.5 -9.9 10 Vitamin B2 riboflavin 1.3 1.4 mg/kg - 0.3 0.4 1 -2.3 10 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 1.8 2.1 mg/kg - 0.4 0.5 1.6 -3.1 10 Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - 0 0 -0 10 Niacin 9.3 10.5 mg/kg - 2.8 3.1 3.3 -14.2 10 Pantothenic acid 3.5 4 mg/kg - 0.6 0.7 3.1 -5.3 10 Folic acid 0.5 0.6 mg/kg - 0.3 0.3 0.2 -1.1 10 Biotin 0 0 mg/kg - 0 0 -0 10 Vitamin C 4.2 4.7 mg/kg - 10.6 11.9 0.9 -38.5 10 Choline 0 0 mg/kg - N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 76 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.5 2.9 g/kg 57 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2610 2930 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2550 2870 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.1 1.3 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.1 1.3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.01 1.13 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1 1.13 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 3.3 3.7 g/kg 73 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 2270 2550 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 58.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 85.4 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 12.4 13.9 g/kg 85 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 7.3 8.2 g/kg 76 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 87 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 81 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 84 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.3 g/kg 82 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 7 7.8 g/kg 72 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 7.4 8.3 g/kg 65 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 12.6 14.1 g/kg 71 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 8.9 10 g/kg 74 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.2 g/kg 67 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 14.3 16 g/kg 71 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 66 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 13.4 15.1 g/kg 94 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 8.6 g/kg 82 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 23 25.9 g/kg 89 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 30.1 33.9 g/kg 87 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 9.9 g/kg 100 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 10.5 11.8 g/kg 77 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.4 g/kg 100 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.9 13.4 g/kg 82 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.4 g/kg 78 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.9 g/kg 86 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 74 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.8 g/kg 81 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 81 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 9 g/kg 83 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.3 10.5 g/kg 82 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.8 16.7 g/kg 84 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.1 11.4 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.9 7.7 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.8 18.9 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.3 g/kg 81 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.1 13.7 g/kg 85 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.6 g/kg 82 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 20.2 22.7 g/kg 78 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29.8 33.5 g/kg 86 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7 7.9 g/kg 79 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 11 12.4 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 6.9 7.7 g/kg 82 % DE growing pig (MJ) 14.2 16 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.4 15.1 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9.6 10.8 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.7 16.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.8 15.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.9 11.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.9 12.3 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.7 12 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.3 12.7 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.9 14.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 11.9 13.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.5 10.7 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1004 1129 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1095 1232 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 107 121 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 66 75 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.6 6.3 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 75.6 85 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.48 3.91 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.81 2.04 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.72 1.93 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.96 2.2 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.35 1.52 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 24 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 30 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.1 8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 174 196 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 8 8 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 33.6 37.8 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -