Dry matter 91.7 100 % - 5.8 73.9 -97.6 16 8.9 Crude protein 37.7 41.1 % - 4.3 27.9 -44.8 16 3.9 35 -48.2 24 Crude fibre 8.7 9.4 % - 1.7 6.4 -9.9 4 1.7 7 -11.2 6 Crude fat 32.6 35.5 % - 6.2 21.1 -38.2 13 6.4 22.2 -49 17 Ash 10.7 11.7 % - 5.8 3.5 -25.7 12 6.3 2.7 -28.4 18 NDF 16 17.4 % - 2.3 13.3 -18.3 6 2.3 15.1 -21.2 6 ADF 8.4 9.2 % - 7.7 -8.7 4 8.7 -10.1 4 Lignin 2.5 2.7 % - 1.1 -4.3 3 1.3 -5 3 Starch 0.8 0.9 % - 1 1 Total sugars 0 0 % - Gross energy (kcal) 5660 6170 kcal/kg - 560 5040 -6210 7 470 5690 -7030 7 Calcium 30.3 33 g/kg - 20.5 4.6 -78 12 22.3 1.2 -86.3 18 Phosphorus 6.6 7.2 g/kg - 2.5 4.2 -13.8 14 2.7 4 -15 20 Magnesium 2.9 3.2 g/kg - 0.8 2 -4.4 11 0.8 2.1 -4.6 17 Potassium 7 7.6 g/kg - 1.8 5.7 -10.3 11 2 5.9 -12.2 17 Sodium 0.91 0.99 g/kg - 0.27 0.6 -1.36 11 0.28 0.6 -1.41 17 Sulfur 1.6 1.7 g/kg - 1.2 0.1 -3 11 Manganese 186 203 mg/kg - 159 64 -227 10 172 20 -730 16 Zinc 93 101 mg/kg - 66 49 -99 10 71 50 -271 16 Copper 11 12 mg/kg - 8 6 -34 13 Iron 375 409 mg/kg - 413 64 -1485 9 449 74 -1568 15 Cobalt 0.5 0.6 mg/kg - 1 Molybdenum 0.7 0.7 mg/kg - 1 0.6 -0.9 2 Lysine 21.8 23.8 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 3.6 14.1 -31 11 3.6 14.7 -33.7 17 0.8 4.2-8 19 Threonine 14.5 15.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.5 12.5 -16.3 10 1.3 14.1 -17.8 16 0.5 2.9-4.8 18 Methionine 6.8 7.4 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1.4 3 -8.7 11 1.4 3.2 -9.1 17 0.4 0.9-2.5 19 Cystine 2.4 2.6 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 0.4 2 -3.3 10 0.1 0.5-0.9 10 Methionine + cystine 9.2 10 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 3.6 8.5 -21.9 5 3.9 9.2 -22.9 11 1.1 2.2-6.2 11 Tryptophan 5.4 5.9 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.6 0.5 5.4 -6.7 5 0.1 1.3-1.6 5 Isoleucine 15.8 17.2 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 2.3 11.3 -18.6 11 2.2 11.8 -20.3 17 0.6 3.3-5.6 19 Valine 22.6 24.6 g/kg 6 g/16g N 3.6 18 -31.4 11 3.6 18.8 -34.1 17 1.2 5.1-9.1 19 Leucine 26.3 28.7 g/kg 7 g/16g N 3.1 23 -32.5 11 2.8 24 -35.3 16 0.7 6-8.4 18 Phenylalanine 15.3 16.7 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2.4 13.6 -20.3 8 2.4 13.4 -22 14 0.6 3.4-5.6 16 Tyrosine 21.4 23.3 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 4.5 12.4 -28.2 10 4.7 12.9 -30.8 12 1 3.6-7.7 14 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 36.7 40 g/kg 9.7 g/16g N 7.5 26 -46.5 7 7.8 27.1 -50.8 9 1.6 7.6-13.1 11 Histidine 11.7 12.8 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1.6 10.7 -14.7 9 1.5 9.6 -15.3 15 0.4 2.2-3.6 17 Arginine 18.7 20.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 2.2 17 -24.3 11 2.1 17.7 -26.5 17 0.5 4-6.1 19 Alanine 24.2 26.4 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 3.8 20.4 -34 11 3.8 21.7 -36.9 17 1.1 5.1-8.8 19 Aspartic acid 34.1 37.2 g/kg 9 g/16g N 4.7 30.8 -42 11 4.5 30.4 -45.6 17 1.4 7-12.5 19 Glutamic acid 39.2 42.8 g/kg 10.4 g/16g N 4.1 34.6 -47.8 11 3.5 37.8 -49.8 17 1.6 8.2-14.1 19 Glycine 20.5 22.3 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 3.3 17.9 -26.5 11 3.3 18.7 -28.9 17 0.6 4.5-6.8 19 Serine 15.1 16.4 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.4 14.3 -17.6 10 1.2 14.7 -18.8 16 0.5 3.4-5 18 Proline 21.3 23.2 g/kg 5.6 g/16g N 3 19.3 -30 10 2.9 20.5 -32.6 16 0.8 4.8-7.7 16 C12:0 lauric acid 122 133 g/kg 46.9 % FA 12.4 23.6-60.9 8 C14:0 myristic acid 18.1 19.7 g/kg 6.9 % FA 1.2 5.1-9.5 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 32.8 35.8 g/kg 12.6 % FA 4.1 8.7-19.8 8 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 11.8 12.8 g/kg 4.5 % FA 2.3 2-7.6 8 C18:0 stearic acid 6 6.5 g/kg 2.3 % FA 1.8 1-6.5 8 C18:1 oleic acid 32.3 35.2 g/kg 12.4 % FA 5.8 6-22.7 8 C18:2 linoleic acid 19.7 21.5 g/kg 7.5 % FA 3.1 3.7-12.2 8 C18:3 linolenic acid 2.8 3 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.3 0.7-1.4 5 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.4 0-0.9 7 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 1.3 1.4 g/kg 0.5 % FA 1.2 0-3.5 8 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.09 % FA 0-0.4 4 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.6 0.6 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.6 0-1.7 8 DE growing pig (kcal) 4420 4810 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 4180 4550 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 3200 3490 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4420 4810 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 4160 4540 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 3180 3470 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 78 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 80 % N digestibility growing pig - 85 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 79.1 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 78 % OM digestibility adult pig - 80 % N digestibility adult pig - 85 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 4740 5170 kcal/kg - 3480 -5820 2 4710 -6130 2 AMEn broiler (kcal) 4400 4800 kcal/kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 4910 5350 kcal/kg - 4730 -5800 4 4930 -6170 4 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 86.7 % 78-95.9 4 N digestibility salmonids - 90.8 % 76.7-100 4 Digestible P salmonids 4.4 4.8 g/kg 67 % 3.6 -9.5 4 3.8 -9.9 4 49-89 4 Gross energy (MJ) 23.7 25.8 MJ/kg - 2.4 21.1 -26 7 2 23.8 -29.4 7 Insoluble ash 0.5 0.6 % - Water insoluble cell walls 15.2 16.6 % - Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Fatty acids 26.1 28.4 % 80 % fat Digestible P pig (no phytase) 5.3 5.7 g/kg 80 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 5.3 5.7 g/kg 80 % Available P cockerel 5.6 6.1 g/kg 85 % P Available P broiler 5.6 6.1 g/kg 85 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.41 1.53 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.39 1.51 per kg - PDIA INRA 2007 136 148 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 255 278 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 155 169 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3800 4150 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.2 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85 % N digestibility ruminants - 78.7 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % 7.9 59.2-82.4 7 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 5.9 6.5 g/kg 90 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 59 % 39-70 2 Immediately degradable N (a) - 2 % 0.9-2 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 66 % 59-73 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.43 h-1 0.11-0.75 2 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % 54-79 2 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 5 % 4-6 2 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 76 % 72-80 2 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.555 h-1 0.12-0.99 2 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.8 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.3 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.8 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE DE rabbit (kcal) 4550 4960 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 4170 4550 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 80.3 % N digestibility rabbit - 81.5 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 18.9 20.6 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 12.7 13.8 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 6.7 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.2 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 8.2 8.9 g/kg 89 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.7 g/kg 80 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 13.8 15 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 18.8 20.5 g/kg 83 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 23 25 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 14.6 15.9 g/kg 95 % 1 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 18.1 19.7 g/kg 84 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 32.6 35.6 g/kg 89 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 9.5 10.3 g/kg 81 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 17.4 18.9 g/kg 93 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 20.7 22.6 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 30 32.7 g/kg 88 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 34.3 37.4 g/kg 88 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 16.7 18.2 g/kg 81 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 12.9 14.1 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 21.3 23.2 g/kg 100 % 1 1 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.8 20.5 g/kg 86 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.4 13.6 g/kg 86 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.6 g/kg 89 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 73 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.8 8.5 g/kg 85 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.7 g/kg 80 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.1 15.4 g/kg 90 % 1 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 20 21.8 g/kg 89 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.4 25.5 g/kg 89 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.7 14.9 g/kg 90 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 19 20.7 g/kg 89 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 32.7 35.7 g/kg 89 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 7.8 g/kg 61 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.2 18.8 g/kg 92 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 21.4 23.4 g/kg 89 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 27.6 30.1 g/kg 81 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 34.6 37.8 g/kg 88 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 16 17.5 g/kg 78 % 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.2 14.4 g/kg 87 % 1 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 19.2 20.9 g/kg 90 % 1 DE growing pig (MJ) 18.5 20.2 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 17.5 19.1 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 13.4 14.6 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 18.5 20.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 17.4 19 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 13.3 14.5 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 19.8 21.6 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 18.4 20.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 15.9 17.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 19 20.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 17.5 19 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 20.5 22.4 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 16.7 18.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 % VEM CVB 2018 1405 1532 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1516 1653 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 143 156 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 179 195 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3 3.3 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1 1.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 92.9 101 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.73 5.16 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.91 3.17 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.76 3.01 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.75 3 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.99 2.16 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 40 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 9.9 10.8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 304 331 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 12 13 g/kg - UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.61 1.76 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.65 1.8 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 114 125 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 159 173 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 152 166 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.57 1.72 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.6 1.75 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 119 130 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 162 177 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 148 161 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2770 3020 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2820 3080 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 4110 4480 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 61 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.1 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.3 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.6 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 % Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.197 0.215 per kg - UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.5 1.64 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.51 1.65 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 127 138 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 169 184 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 140 152 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.8 0.9 % - Chlorine 1.4 1.5 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 81 88 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 179 195 mEq/kg -