Dry matter 94.6 100 % - 1.4 93.2 -97.5 9 2.1 Crude protein 47.7 50.4 % - 4.8 40.7 -53.7 9 5 43 -60.3 33 Crude fibre 4.8 5.1 % - 1 0.7 4.4 -6.9 14 Crude fat 33.7 35.6 % - 6.6 23.5 -46.4 32 Ash 3.4 3.6 % - 1.3 2.9 -8.3 9 1.3 1.9 -8.8 34 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.2 % - 1 NDF 11.4 12 % - 7.4 -15 4 ADF 6.4 6.7 % - 6.4 -7.2 3 Lignin 0 0 % - Starch 0 0 % - Total sugars 0 0 % - Gross energy (kcal) 6280 6630 kcal/kg - 440 5530 -7460 3 450 5540 -7740 19 Calcium 2.2 2.4 g/kg - 1 1.9 0.3 -6.2 12 Phosphorus 7.3 7.7 g/kg - 1 3.3 4.4 -14.2 10 Magnesium 2.1 2.2 g/kg - 2 -2.8 4 Potassium 9 9.5 g/kg - 8.5 -10.8 3 Sodium 0.79 0.83 g/kg - 0.72 -0.94 2 Manganese 9 9 mg/kg - 3 3 6 -14 5 Zinc 118 125 mg/kg - 27 28 83 -159 5 Copper 17 18 mg/kg - 5 5 15 -27 5 Iron 55 59 mg/kg - 27 29 26 -110 6 Selenium 0.4 0.5 mg/kg - 0.3 -0.7 3 Iodine 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - 0 -0.4 3 Lysine 30.7 32.4 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 9 17.5 -34 3 9.5 14 -47.1 19 2 2.9-10.4 19 Threonine 24.6 26 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 5.1 15.7 -36.3 19 1.2 3.5-7.6 19 Methionine 9.3 9.8 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 3.9 5.1 -9.6 3 4.1 4.8 -18 19 0.9 1-3.9 19 Cystine 33.4 35.3 g/kg 7 g/16g N 25.2 3.5 -87 19 5.6 0.8-19.2 19 Methionine + cystine 42.7 45.1 g/kg 9 g/16g N 26.3 8.9 -97 19 5.9 1.6-21.4 19 Tryptophan 8.2 8.7 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1 6.1 1 -21 16 1.3 0.2-4.6 16 Isoleucine 28.4 30 g/kg 6 g/16g N 8.7 13.9 -49 17 2 3.2-11 17 Valine 41.8 44.2 g/kg 8.8 g/16g N 11.6 23.8 -58.6 19 2.7 5-12.8 19 Leucine 52.5 55.5 g/kg 11 g/16g N 19.7 28.1 -103 19 4.4 6-21.5 19 Phenylalanine 20.6 21.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 3.4 13.6 -25 18 0.8 3.1-5.6 18 Tyrosine 30 31.8 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 9.3 24.7 -34.9 3 9.8 16.9 -50 18 2.1 3.5-11 18 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 50.6 53.5 g/kg 10.6 g/16g N 10.6 37.5 -48.9 2 11.2 34 -75 18 2.5 7.1-16.5 18 Histidine 15.4 16.2 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 2.3 10.1 -15.9 3 2.4 10.7 -18.8 18 0.5 2.3-4 18 Arginine 27.9 29.5 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 7.7 19.7 -44.4 19 1.5 3.8-8.9 19 Alanine 53.4 56.4 g/kg 11.2 g/16g N 16.4 31.5 -90 19 3.8 6.2-20.1 19 Aspartic acid 47.9 50.6 g/kg 10 g/16g N 10 29.4 -72.3 19 2.3 5.6-15.2 19 Glutamic acid 77.5 81.9 g/kg 16.2 g/16g N 16.4 54.1 -110 18 4 10.2-23.1 18 Glycine 39.6 41.8 g/kg 8.3 g/16g N 12.7 20.4 -59 19 3 3.9-13.2 19 Serine 33.7 35.6 g/kg 7.1 g/16g N 8.8 21.5 -43 3 9.3 22.7 -58.4 19 2 4.3-11.1 19 Proline 31.2 33 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 5.5 21 -32.5 3 5.8 22.3 -41.2 7 0.6 5.2-7 7 C14:0 myristic acid 7.8 8.2 g/kg 2.8 % FA 1 1 1.6 0.7-6.4 11 C16:0 palmitic acid 50.5 53.4 g/kg 18 % FA 1 1 5.9 6.8-28.7 12 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 5.8 6.1 g/kg 2.1 % FA 1 1 1.6 0.3-6.1 11 C18:0 stearic acid 11.6 12.2 g/kg 4.1 % FA 1 1 2.2 1.5-7.8 11 C18:1 oleic acid 103 108 g/kg 36.5 % FA 1 1 8.1 19.8-45.1 12 C18:2 linoleic acid 74.6 78.8 g/kg 26.6 % FA 1 1 9.1 8.5-35.2 12 C18:3 linolenic acid 2.4 2.6 g/kg 0.9 % FA 1 1 0.7 0-1.9 7 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.1 % FA 1 0.09 0.03-0.3 6 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 0 0-0 6 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.05 % FA 1 0.1 0-0.3 6 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 0-0 2 Fatty acids 28.1 29.7 % 83 % fat 1 20.2 -40.5 4 80-86 2 Vitamin E 20.1 21.2 mg/kg - 10.1 -33.4 3 Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.1 4.3 mg/kg - 3.1 -6.3 3 Vitamin B2 riboflavin 24.3 25.6 mg/kg - 12 -41.3 4 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 13.8 14.6 mg/kg - 0 -22.2 4 Vitamin B12 0.02 0.02 µg/kg - 0 -0.06 4 Niacin 114 121 mg/kg - 106 -150 3 Pantothenic acid 49.2 52 mg/kg - 37.2 -68.8 3 Folic acid 3 3.2 mg/kg - 0.6 -5 4 Biotin 1 1 mg/kg - 0.8 -1.4 3 Choline 4341 4588 mg/kg - 4390 -4840 3 DE growing pig (kcal) 5140 5440 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 4850 5120 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 3610 3820 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 5140 5440 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 4830 5100 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 3610 3820 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 81.9 % OM digestibility growing pig - 84.1 % N digestibility growing pig - 85 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 79.4 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 81.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 84.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 85 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 5240 5540 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 4890 5170 kcal/kg - 1 1 Gross energy (MJ) 26.3 27.8 MJ/kg - 1.8 23.1 -31.2 3 1.9 23.2 -32.4 19 Water insoluble cell walls 10.6 11.2 % - Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.8 0.8 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 0.3 0-1 10 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 1 C20:0 arachidic acid 1.3 1.4 g/kg 0.5 % FA 1 0.6 -3.1 2 0.5 0.08-1.5 10 C22:0 behenic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.01 % FA 0 -0.03 2 0.01 0-0.03 6 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.03 % FA 1 0.04 0-0.08 6 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 5.8 6.2 g/kg 80 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 5.8 6.2 g/kg 80 % Available P cockerel 6.2 6.6 g/kg 85 % P Available P broiler 6.2 6.6 g/kg 85 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.61 1.7 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.6 1.69 per kg - PDIA INRA 2007 172 182 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 323 341 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 195 206 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 4320 4560 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85 % N digestibility ruminants - 78.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % 7.9 59.2-82.4 7 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 6.6 6.9 g/kg 90 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 59 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 2 % 0.9-2 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 66 % 59-73 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.43 h-1 0.11-0.75 2 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 5 % 4-6 2 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 76 % 72-80 2 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.555 h-1 0.12-0.99 2 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.5 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.4 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.9 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 3.7 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE DE rabbit (kcal) 5430 5740 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 4910 5180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 86.6 % N digestibility rabbit - 91.5 % DE salmonids (kcal) 4810 5080 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 76.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 87.4 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 27.6 29.2 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 22.2 23.4 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 8.8 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 30.1 31.8 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 35.4 37.4 g/kg 90 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 7.2 g/kg 83 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 25.5 27 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 37.7 39.8 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 47.2 49.9 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 18.5 19.6 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 27 28.5 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 42.8 45.3 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 13.8 14.6 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 25.1 26.6 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 48 50.8 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 43.1 45.5 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 69.7 73.7 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 35.7 37.7 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 30.4 32.1 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 28.3 29.9 g/kg 91 % 1 1 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.3 26.7 g/kg 82 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.4 20.5 g/kg 79 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.4 g/kg 86 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 24.9 26.3 g/kg 75 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 30.3 32 g/kg 77 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 6.7 7.1 g/kg 82 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.5 24.9 g/kg 83 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 34.4 36.4 g/kg 82 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 44.2 46.7 g/kg 84 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.4 18.4 g/kg 85 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 25 26.4 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 40 42.2 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.6 13.3 g/kg 82 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.8 25.2 g/kg 85 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 44.1 46.6 g/kg 83 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 37.6 39.8 g/kg 79 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 66.8 70.6 g/kg 86 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 31.5 33.3 g/kg 80 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 27.3 28.8 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 25.7 27.2 g/kg 82 % DE growing pig (MJ) 21.5 22.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 20.3 21.4 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 15.1 16 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 21.5 22.8 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 20.2 21.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 15.1 16 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 21.9 23.2 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 20.5 21.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 18.1 19.1 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 22.7 24 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 20.5 21.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 20.1 21.3 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.2 1.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 % VEM CVB 2018 1605 1697 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1745 1844 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 184 195 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 227 240 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.7 4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 104 110 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 5.43 5.74 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 3.38 3.57 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 3.21 3.4 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 3.19 3.37 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.32 2.45 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 40 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 11.4 12 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 365 386 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 18 19 g/kg - UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.82 1.93 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.88 1.98 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 145 153 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 192 203 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 208 220 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.78 1.88 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.82 1.93 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 151 159 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 197 208 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 203 214 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3130 3310 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3210 3390 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 4630 4890 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 61 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.6 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.3 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 % Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.203 0.215 per kg - UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.7 1.8 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.72 1.82 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 160 169 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 205 217 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 192 203 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - Chlorine 5.4 5.7 g/kg - 1 Electrolyte balance 114 121 mEq/kg - Vitamin A 0.3 0.3 1000 IU/kg - 0 -0.8 3 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - 1 Vitamin K 0 0 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin C 130 137 mg/kg - 31.5 -318 3