Dry matter 57.6 100 % - 4 34.3 -73.7 110 9.8 Crude protein 4.4 7.7 % - 0.9 2.6 -8 123 1.5 4.8 -14.7 110 Crude fibre 0 0 % - 1 1 Ash 11.3 19.6 % - 7.5 -17.2 4 10.2 -29.2 4 NDF 0.5 0.8 % - 1 1 ADF 0.2 0.4 % - 1 1 Lignin 0 0 % - Starch 0 0 % - Total sugars 27.7 48.2 % - 3.8 16.5 -32.7 82 5.8 22.9 -58.2 83 Gross energy (kcal) 1910 3320 kcal/kg - Calcium 1.8 3.1 g/kg - 1.5 -2.6 2 2.8 -3.5 2 Phosphorus 3.3 5.8 g/kg - 1.5 -5.2 2 2 -9.5 2 Magnesium 4 7 g/kg - 1 1 Potassium 41.6 72.3 g/kg - 1 1 Sodium 1.48 2.57 g/kg - 1 1 Chlorine 2.5 4.4 g/kg - 1 1 Electrolyte balance 1060 1841 mEq/kg - Fatty acids 0.4 0.7 % 95 % fat 92-98 2 DE growing pig (kcal) 1570 2720 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 1530 2650 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1060 1850 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 1610 2810 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 1570 2730 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1100 1910 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 82 % OM digestibility growing pig - 85 % 79-88.4 3 N digestibility growing pig - 50 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 84.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 87.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 56.7 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1340 2330 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 0 0 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 26 44 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 34 59 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1240 2150 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 76.7 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 79.7 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 55.3 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 100 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 48.2 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 100 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % OM digestibility horse - 82.2 % Energy digestibility horse - 79.1 % Horse Forage Unit 0.63 1.1 per kg - Gross energy (MJ) 8 13.9 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 1 1.7 g/kg 55 % Ca UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.42 0.72 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.4 0.69 per kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.41 0.71 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.39 0.68 per kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 720 1250 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 690 1190 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1120 1950 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 78.3 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 70.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 93 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.6 7.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.9 5.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.8 4.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.39 0.68 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.37 0.64 per kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.022 0.038 per kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1340 2330 kcal/kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.3 0-1.1 14 Crude fat 0.4 0.7 % - 1 1 Insoluble ash 0 0 % - Water insoluble cell walls 0 0 % - Phytate phosphorus 2 3.5 g/kg 60 % P Lysine 2.8 4.8 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 0.2 5.3-7 212 Threonine 1.7 2.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.1 3.3-4.5 156 Methionine 0.6 1.1 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.06 1-1.5 155 Cystine 0.7 1.2 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 0.08 1.2-1.9 147 Methionine + cystine 1.3 2.3 g/kg 3 g/16g N Tryptophan 0.6 1.1 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.04 1.2-1.5 123 Isoleucine 2 3.5 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 0.2 3.6-5.2 158 Valine 2.1 3.7 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.2 4.4-5.6 156 Leucine 3.4 5.9 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 0.2 7.1-8.3 156 Phenylalanine 2.2 3.9 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 0.1 4.5-5.6 156 Tyrosine 1.6 2.7 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.1 3.1-4.1 117 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 3.8 6.6 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N Histidine 1.2 2.1 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.1 2.3-3 158 Arginine 3.2 5.6 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 0.3 6.2-8.3 154 Alanine 1.9 3.4 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.2 3.7-5.6 151 Aspartic acid 5 8.7 g/kg 11.3 g/16g N 0.4 9.6-12.8 139 Glutamic acid 7.9 13.7 g/kg 17.8 g/16g N 0.5 15.2-18.9 147 Glycine 1.9 3.2 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.1 3.8-4.8 150 Serine 2.1 3.6 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 0.2 3.9-6 148 Proline 2.2 3.8 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.2 4.4-5.7 142 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0.01 5 C16:0 palmitic acid 0.4 0.8 g/kg 11.2 % FA 2.2 9.6-20.8 22 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0.01 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.08 0-0.2 7 C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.3 g/kg 3.8 % FA 0.4 3.2-4.8 22 C18:1 oleic acid 0.9 1.6 g/kg 23.1 % FA 1.6 19.8-27.3 23 C18:2 linoleic acid 2.1 3.6 g/kg 54 % FA 2.9 42.9-58.2 22 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.5 g/kg 7.2 % FA 0.9 4.8-8.7 22 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.09 0.1-0.4 11 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.04 0.1-0.2 6 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-0.3 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.2 2 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 3.5 g/kg 60 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3 5.2 g/kg 90 % Available P cockerel 0.8 1.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.8 1.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.45 0.79 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.44 0.77 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 2.3 4 g/kg 70 % P Immediately degradable N (a) - 100 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 0 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE DE rabbit (kcal) 1640 2840 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1590 2770 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 85.8 % N digestibility rabbit - 70 % DE salmonids (kcal) 890 1550 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 46.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 76.4 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 4.3 g/kg 90 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 2.6 g/kg 87 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 1 g/kg 91 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 1.1 g/kg 89 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 2.1 g/kg 90 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.9 g/kg 88 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 3.1 g/kg 88 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 3.3 g/kg 88 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 5.3 g/kg 91 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2 3.5 g/kg 91 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 2.5 g/kg 91 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 6 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.9 g/kg 91 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 3 5.2 g/kg 93 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 3 g/kg 88 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 7.7 g/kg 88 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.3 12.7 g/kg 92 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 2.9 g/kg 91 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 3.2 g/kg 90 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2 3.5 g/kg 90 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 4.1 g/kg 86 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 2.4 g/kg 83 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 1 g/kg 89 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.9 g/kg 77 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.9 g/kg 83 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.9 g/kg 85 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 3 g/kg 86 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 3.2 g/kg 86 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 5.2 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 3.4 g/kg 88 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 2.4 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 5.8 g/kg 88 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.8 g/kg 85 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 5 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 2.9 g/kg 86 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 7.1 g/kg 82 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 12.3 g/kg 90 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 2.7 g/kg 84 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 3 g/kg 84 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 3.3 g/kg 86 % DE growing pig (MJ) 6.6 11.4 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 6.4 11.1 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 4.4 7.7 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 6.8 11.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 6.6 11.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 4.6 8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.6 9.8 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 5.6 9.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 5.2 9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 6.9 11.9 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 6.7 11.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 3.7 6.5 MJ/kg - NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 % VEM CVB 2018 453 786 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 483 839 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 25 43 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -10 -18 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2.1 3.7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.7 1.3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 41.8 72.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 1.81 3.15 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.89 1.55 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.84 1.46 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.97 1.68 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.62 1.07 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3.2 5.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 62 107 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -3 -5 g/kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 2 3 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 33 58 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -15 -26 g/kg - PDIA INRA 2018 3 5 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 34 59 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -15 -26 g/kg - Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.8 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 5 8 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 36 62 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -17 -29 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -