Dry matter 89.6 100 % - 2.1 84.8 -94.6 59 3.3 Crude protein 11.2 12.5 % - 2.1 5.8 -17 61 2.3 6.5 -19.3 92 Crude fibre 2.8 3.2 % - 1.8 0.9 -9.3 38 2 1 -10.4 44 Crude fat 4.3 4.8 % - 1.3 1.1 -7.4 52 1.4 1.2 -8.1 61 Ash 2.5 2.8 % - 1.5 0.5 -8.9 46 1.7 0.5 -9.9 60 Insoluble ash 0.5 0.6 % - 0.5 0.04 -1.6 14 0.6 0.04 -1.8 18 NDF 15.4 17.2 % - 4 10.5 -24.6 13 4.4 9.4 -27.6 15 ADF 4 4.5 % - 1.1 3 -6.3 18 1.3 2 -7.1 20 Lignin 0.9 1 % - 0.6 -1.2 2 0.6 -1.3 2 Water insoluble cell walls 14.6 16.3 % - 1 1 Starch 60.2 67.1 % - 5.7 48.4 -66.2 11 6.2 53.9 -76.4 11 Total sugars 2 2.2 % - 1.7 -2.1 4 1.9 -2.3 4 Gross energy (kcal) 4090 4560 kcal/kg - 220 3600 -4530 21 230 4070 -5080 21 Calcium 0.5 0.5 g/kg - 0.7 0.1 -3.7 38 0.7 0.1 -4.2 53 Phosphorus 3 3.3 g/kg - 0.6 1.7 -4.9 36 0.6 1.9 -5.3 66 Phytate phosphorus 2 2.2 g/kg 68 % P 0.3 0.3 1.7 -2.7 21 4 60-76 21 Magnesium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.2 0.9 -1.7 19 0.2 0.9 -1.8 27 Potassium 3.7 4.1 g/kg - 0.7 2.3 -5.8 16 0.8 2.6 -6.3 39 Sodium 0.08 0.09 g/kg - 0.02 -0.19 3 0.03 -0.2 4 Manganese 20 22 mg/kg - 14 7 -21 7 15 8 -62 11 Zinc 29 32 mg/kg - 8 20 -43 6 9 13 -60 33 Copper 6 7 mg/kg - 3 4 -17 6 3 4 -19 31 Iron 52 58 mg/kg - 42 40 -79 4 47 32 -265 25 Cobalt 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.07 -0.3 2 0.08 -0.4 3 Lysine 2.7 3.1 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 0.5 2.4 -4.2 16 0.6 2.7 -5.1 22 0.5 1.7-3.7 24 Threonine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 0.6 3.3 -5.3 16 0.6 3.7 -6.3 22 0.3 3.1-4.5 24 Methionine 3.9 4.3 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N Cystine 2.7 3 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 0.6 0.8 -3.2 9 0.7 0.9 -3.6 13 Methionine + cystine 6.5 7.3 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N Tryptophan 2 2.2 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 0.4 1.9 -2.9 9 0.2 1.2-2 11 Isoleucine 4.9 5.5 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.8 3.1 -6.8 15 0.9 3.4 -7.5 22 0.7 3.5-6.1 23 Valine 6.1 6.8 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 0.9 4 -7.8 15 1 4.4 -8.9 22 0.4 4-5.9 23 Leucine 14.7 16.4 g/kg 13.1 g/16g N 2.1 7.9 -16.6 22 1 7.3-13.1 23 Phenylalanine 5.5 6.1 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 0.8 3.4 -7.2 15 0.9 3.8 -8.1 22 0.5 3.2-5.6 23 Tyrosine 3.5 3.9 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 0.9 2.2 -5.8 10 1 2.5 -6.5 14 0.6 2-3.8 15 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 8.9 10 g/kg 8 g/16g N 1.4 5.8 -11.1 11 1.6 6.4 -12.4 15 0.9 6.2-9.2 15 Histidine 2.6 2.9 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.4 1.9 -3.6 15 0.4 2.1 -4 22 0.3 1.9-3.3 23 Arginine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 0.9 3.7 -6.9 11 1 4.1 -7.7 18 0.7 3.3-5.8 19 Alanine 10.6 11.8 g/kg 9.4 g/16g N 1.4 5.8 -10.7 9 1.6 6.4 -12 10 1.3 6.4-11.3 11 Aspartic acid 9 10.1 g/kg 8 g/16g N 1.3 6.3 -10.9 8 1.5 7 -12.2 9 0.9 6.4-8.9 10 Glutamic acid 23.2 25.9 g/kg 20.7 g/16g N 4.1 13.3 -28.4 8 4.5 14.8 -31.8 9 1.7 16.2-22.2 10 Glycine 3.3 3.7 g/kg 3 g/16g N 0.4 2.9 -4.2 8 0.4 3.3 -4.7 12 0.6 2.3-4 13 Serine 5.3 6 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.7 3.8 -6.4 8 0.8 4.2 -7.2 12 0.8 3.8-6.9 13 Proline 6.6 7.4 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 0.6 6.5 -7.5 4 0.6 7 -8.4 5 0.5 5.5-6.9 6 Vitamin A 0.03 0.03 1000 IU/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B1 thiamin 1.2 1.4 mg/kg - 0.5 -2 2 0.5 -2.2 2 Vitamin B2 riboflavin 1.6 1.8 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 3.8 4.2 mg/kg - 1 1 Niacin 14.2 15.8 mg/kg - 1 1 Pantothenic acid 9.1 10.2 mg/kg - 1 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3370 3760 kcal/kg - 280 2570 -3430 11 300 2840 -3890 12 ME growing pig (kcal) 3270 3650 kcal/kg - 260 2490 -3280 9 280 2760 -3660 9 NE growing pig (kcal) 2590 2890 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3460 3860 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3350 3740 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2640 2950 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 82.5 % 6.2 63.1-84.6 11 OM digestibility growing pig - 85.1 % N digestibility growing pig - 85.6 % 10.1 55.4-89.8 12 Crude fat digestibility pig - 60.4 % 39.8-61 3 Energy digestibility adult pig - 84.7 % OM digestibility adult pig - 87.3 % N digestibility adult pig - 90.5 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2840 3170 kcal/kg - 1 260 2740 -3450 5 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2800 3120 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 58 65 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 80 89 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 96 107 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3020 3370 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.4 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.7 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 72.5 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 78 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 40 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 5 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 73 % 10-80 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.055 h-1 0.026-0.27 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 61 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 28 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 72 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.05 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 67 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 36 % 21-46 3 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 59 % 49-67 3 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.038-0.068 3 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.5 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 10.6 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.4 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 87.9 % Energy digestibility horse - 84.4 % Horse Forage Unit 1.13 1.26 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 79 88 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3260 3630 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3150 3510 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 79.7 % N digestibility rabbit - 69.7 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 87 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.8 g/kg 79 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 83 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 73 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.8 g/kg 79 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 86 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 83 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.5 g/kg 81 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 12 13.4 g/kg 82 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 79 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 86 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.3 8.2 g/kg 82 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 80 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.4 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.6 g/kg 81 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.4 8.3 g/kg 82 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 19.1 21.3 g/kg 82 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 80 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.6 g/kg 76 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.1 19.1 MJ/kg - 0.9 15.1 -19 21 0.9 17 -21.2 21 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.3 0.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.19 1.33 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.23 1.37 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 46 51 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.18 1.31 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.21 1.35 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 50 56 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2070 2310 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2130 2370 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3050 3400 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.3 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.1 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 43 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12 13.4 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8 8.9 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8 9 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 66 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.14 1.27 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.16 1.29 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 56 62 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.23 0.256 per kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 95 106 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -36 -40 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 100 112 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -41 -46 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 97 108 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -38 -42 g/kg - Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.8 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 10.6 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Fatty acids 3.5 3.9 % 80 % fat Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.8 % C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Chlorine 0.04 0.05 g/kg - Sulfur 1.1 1.2 g/kg - 1 Dietary cation-anion difference 30 34 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 97 109 mEq/kg - Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Iodine 0.05 0.05 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 7.1 7.9 g/kg 20.4 % FA 1.8 16.7-25 66 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.1 0.3-0.8 66 C18:0 stearic acid 1.4 1.5 g/kg 3.9 % FA 1.1 1.8-8 66 C18:1 oleic acid 8.9 9.9 g/kg 25.7 % FA 2.5 20.2-30.6 66 C18:2 linoleic acid 15.5 17.3 g/kg 44.7 % FA 4 18.9-51.7 66 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.3 1.4 g/kg 3.7 % FA 0.7 2.2-5.8 66 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.2 0.3-1 66 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Vitamin C 3.7 4.1 mg/kg - 1 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 88 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.9 1 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.3 1.5 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.14 1.28 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.16 1.29 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 2.2 2.5 g/kg 75 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 2180 2430 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 53.2 % N digestibility salmonids - 81.4 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.6 g/kg 86 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.2 g/kg 87 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.6 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 90 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.3 g/kg 86 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 92 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5 g/kg 91 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.1 g/kg 90 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 13.3 14.9 g/kg 91 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.7 g/kg 93 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.4 g/kg 87 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9.1 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.6 g/kg 92 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.6 g/kg 93 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 9.6 10.8 g/kg 91 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.7 g/kg 86 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 21.4 23.8 g/kg 92 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.7 g/kg 99 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.3 g/kg 89 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.1 g/kg 83 % DE growing pig (MJ) 14.1 15.7 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.7 15.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10.8 12.1 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.5 16.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14 15.7 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.1 12.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 11.9 13.3 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 11.7 13.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.6 14.1 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.6 15.2 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.2 14.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.1 10.2 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1144 1276 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1269 1415 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 94 105 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -29 -33 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.3 4.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 2.9 3.2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 77.2 86.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.39 3.78 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.77 1.98 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 1.87 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.9 2.12 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.3 1.45 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 57 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 64 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.1 9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 168 188 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -9 -10 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 58.2 64.9 % - 54.4 -68.5 4 60.4 -74.5 4 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -