Dry matter 90.6 100 % - 0.7 88 -91.5 17 1.1 Crude protein 12.9 14.2 % - 1.6 9.3 -15.6 17 1.8 10.6 -17.2 48 Crude fibre 6.7 7.4 % - 1.6 4.4 -9.7 10 1.7 4.6 -10.7 33 Crude fat 5.1 5.6 % - 2.3 4 -10.1 17 2.5 3.4 -11.1 40 Ash 3.6 4 % - 1.2 2.5 -8.1 17 1.3 2.8 -8.9 40 NDF 21.1 23.2 % - ADF 10.9 12 % - 1.3 9.3 -12.6 7 1.5 10.3 -13.9 7 Lignin 2.1 2.3 % - Water insoluble cell walls 29.1 32.2 % - Starch 58.2 64.2 % - 1.9 2 60.2 -67.2 16 Total sugars 1.7 1.9 % - 1 Gross energy (kcal) 4180 4610 kcal/kg - 40 4100 -4190 7 30 4520 -4620 7 Calcium 0.4 0.4 g/kg - 0.5 0.1 -1.5 8 0.5 0.2 -1.7 9 Phosphorus 2.7 3 g/kg - 0.2 2.5 -3 8 0.2 2.6 -3.3 10 Phytate phosphorus 1.8 1.9 g/kg 65 % P 1 Lysine 2.9 3.2 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 0.5 2.2 -3.5 11 0.6 1.3-2.9 12 Threonine 4.9 5.4 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N Methionine 4.5 5 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.07 Cystine 3 3.3 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 7.4 8.2 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N Tryptophan 2.3 2.6 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 2.3 -2.7 3 2.5 -3 3 1.4-1.9 4 Isoleucine 5.8 6.4 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.9 4.2 -7.1 11 0.5 3.2-4.8 12 Valine 7 7.7 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 1 6.7 -7.6 3 1.1 4.7 -8.4 11 0.6 3.6-5.6 12 Leucine 17.2 19 g/kg 13.4 g/16g N 3.6 12.5 -22 11 Phenylalanine 6.3 7 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1.3 5.6 -9.1 11 0.4 4.3-5.6 12 Tyrosine 4 4.4 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 0.9 3.3 -6.3 11 0.8 2.3-4.8 11 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10.3 11.4 g/kg 8 g/16g N 1.7 9.1 -13.3 11 0.8 7-10 11 Histidine 2.8 3.1 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 0.5 2.3 -3.9 11 0.4 1.8-3 12 Arginine 4.8 5.3 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N Alanine 12.7 14 g/kg 9.8 g/16g N 3.5 9.7 -19 11 1.5 7.4-11.4 11 Aspartic acid 10.2 11.3 g/kg 8 g/16g N 1.1 8.8 -12 11 1.5 5.7-9.7 11 Glutamic acid 27.5 30.3 g/kg 21.4 g/16g N 4.2 21.9 -35 11 Glycine 3.6 4 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.5 3.3 -4.7 11 0.7 2.1-3.9 11 Serine 6.1 6.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 2.1 4.4 -10 11 1 3.5-6 11 Proline 7.6 8.4 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N Fatty acids 4.6 5.1 % 90 % fat 4 86-95 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 3230 3570 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3140 3460 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2480 2730 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3360 3700 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3250 3590 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2540 2800 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 77.4 % OM digestibility growing pig - 80.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 78.6 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 61.3 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 80.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 83.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 84.4 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3390 3740 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3310 3650 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 21 23 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 80 88 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 84 93 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3060 3370 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.5 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.6 % N digestibility ruminants - 75.5 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 79 % 1 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 75.1 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 81 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 63 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 29 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.1 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 93 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 67 % 1 Potentially degradable starch (b) - 33 % 1 Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.215 h-1 1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 62 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 50 % 44-65 2 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 26 % 17-51 4 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.05 h-1 0.02-0.07 2 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 9.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 80.7 % Energy digestibility horse - 77.7 % Horse Forage Unit 1.06 1.17 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 91 100 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3000 3310 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2880 3180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.8 % N digestibility rabbit - 69.5 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 87 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.3 g/kg 79 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.1 g/kg 83 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 73 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.5 g/kg 79 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 86 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.3 g/kg 83 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.2 g/kg 81 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.1 15.6 g/kg 82 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.5 g/kg 79 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.8 g/kg 86 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.3 g/kg 82 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.5 g/kg 80 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.7 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.3 11.3 g/kg 81 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.2 g/kg 82 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 22.5 24.9 g/kg 82 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.2 g/kg 80 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.5 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.4 g/kg 76 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.5 19.3 MJ/kg - 0.2 17.2 -17.5 7 0.1 18.9 -19.3 7 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.2 0.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.22 1.35 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.26 1.39 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 21 23 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 76 84 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 2 2 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.2 1.32 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.23 1.36 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 24 26 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 78 86 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 1 2 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2110 2330 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2170 2390 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3110 3440 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.2 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.1 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 88 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.3 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.6 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.7 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.8 13 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.8 8.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.7 8.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 59 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.16 1.28 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.18 1.3 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 28 31 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 81 89 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -2 -2 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.281 0.31 per kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Insoluble ash 0.5 0.6 % - Magnesium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - Potassium 3.7 4.1 g/kg - Sodium 0.08 0.09 g/kg - Chlorine 0.04 0.05 g/kg - Sulfur 1.1 1.2 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 30 34 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 98 109 mEq/kg - Manganese 12 13 mg/kg - Zinc 29 32 mg/kg - Copper 6 7 mg/kg - Iron 53 58 mg/kg - Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Iodine 0.05 0.05 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 3.8 4.2 g/kg 8.3 % FA 1.2 7.2-10 5 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.06 0.1-0.3 5 C18:0 stearic acid 0.9 1 g/kg 2 % FA 0.8 1.5-3.4 5 C18:1 oleic acid 9.6 10.5 g/kg 20.8 % FA 2.5 18.1-24.2 5 C18:2 linoleic acid 30.2 33.4 g/kg 65.8 % FA 3 62.2-69.5 5 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 1.7 % FA 0.3 1.3-2.2 5 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0.09-0.4 5 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.2 1.3 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 0.7 0.7 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.7 0.7 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.16 1.28 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.17 1.29 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 2 2.2 g/kg 75 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 2270 2510 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 54.5 % N digestibility salmonids - 82.4 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.5 g/kg 77 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.1 g/kg 76 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.1 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.4 g/kg 75 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.6 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 77 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.1 g/kg 81 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.1 g/kg 79 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 14.2 15.7 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.8 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.6 g/kg 82 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.4 g/kg 83 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.6 g/kg 82 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 88 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 9.9 10.9 g/kg 78 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9 g/kg 80 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 23.6 26 g/kg 86 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3 g/kg 75 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.4 g/kg 80 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 6.1 6.7 g/kg 80 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.5 14.9 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.1 14.5 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10.4 11.4 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14 15.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.6 15 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.6 11.7 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 14.2 15.7 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 13.8 15.3 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.8 14.1 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.6 13.9 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.1 13.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.5 10.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1155 1274 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1278 1410 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 78 86 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 1 1 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.9 5.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 2.1 2.3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 75.1 82.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.33 3.67 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.73 1.91 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.63 1.8 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.85 2.04 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.25 1.38 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 18 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 20 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.2 9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 161 178 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -5 -6 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 55.9 61.7 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -