Dry matter 89.5 100 % - 2.4 77 -96.5 115 3.8 Crude protein 16.3 18.2 % - 1.8 12.9 -24.6 115 2 14.8 -27.6 116 Crude fibre 18.8 21 % - 2.5 12.4 -23.2 113 2.8 14.1 -33.3 114 Crude fat 13.9 15.6 % - 2.8 9.8 -17 28 3 11 -27.4 29 Ash 12.7 14.2 % - 0.6 10.7 -14.2 115 0.6 12.6 -15.7 116 NDF 42 46.9 % - 5.8 34.6 -49.8 5 6.4 37.4 -55.5 5 ADF 30.3 33.9 % - 27.1 -32.3 4 29.3 -36.1 4 Lignin 14.5 16.2 % - 1.2 10.5 -18.2 76 1.3 13.7 -20.1 76 Water insoluble cell walls 43.2 48.2 % - 1 1 Starch 5.4 6 % - 0.6 1.7 -7.2 77 0.7 2 -7.8 78 Total sugars 4 4.5 % - 0.5 2.5 -5 73 0.6 2.8 -5.3 73 Gross energy (kcal) 4280 4790 kcal/kg - Calcium 8.4 9.4 g/kg - 8.4 4.8 -26.8 8 9.4 5.3 -30.7 7 Phosphorus 3.7 4.2 g/kg - 0.4 3 -4.4 5 0.5 3.4 -4.8 5 Phytate phosphorus 2.2 2.5 g/kg 60 % P Potassium 3.7 4.1 g/kg - 4 -4.2 2 Sodium 38.99 43.54 g/kg - 7.81 7.87 -81.3 99 8.64 8.69 -88.08 96 Chlorine 54.4 60.8 g/kg - 13.7 0 -69.6 24 15.3 0 -76.7 22 Electrolyte balance 256 286 mEq/kg - Lysine 8.5 9.5 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Threonine 7.2 8.1 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine 2 2.3 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Cystine 3.7 4.1 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine 5.7 6.3 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tryptophan 2.2 2.4 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N Isoleucine 5.9 6.6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Valine 7.7 8.6 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Leucine 9.4 10.5 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine 5.7 6.3 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tyrosine 4.9 5.4 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10.5 11.8 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Histidine 3.8 4.3 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Arginine 8.8 9.8 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Alanine 6.1 6.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Aspartic acid 9.6 10.7 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glutamic acid 23.4 26.1 g/kg 14.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glycine 7.3 8.2 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Serine 6.8 7.6 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Proline 10.4 11.6 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 2.4 2.7 g/kg 2.2 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.2 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 1.3 1.5 g/kg 1.2 % FA C18:1 oleic acid 11.3 12.6 g/kg 10.2 % FA C18:2 linoleic acid 17.4 19.4 g/kg 15.6 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 13 14.6 g/kg 11.7 % FA Fatty acids 11.1 12.4 % 80 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 2440 2730 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2330 2600 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1680 1880 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2700 3010 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2530 2820 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1810 2020 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 57.1 % OM digestibility growing pig - 60.8 % N digestibility growing pig - 40.9 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 71.5 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 62.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 67.3 % N digestibility adult pig - 50.1 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1610 1800 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1440 1610 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 45 50 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 106 118 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 75 83 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2210 2470 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 64.6 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 66.7 % N digestibility ruminants - 71.1 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 79 % 1 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.6 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 69 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 27 % 7 8-27 6 Potentially degradable N (b) - 67 % 14 54-89 6 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.1 h-1 0.045 0.02-0.14 6 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 28 % 5 19-36 6 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 55 % 13 48-79 6 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.085 h-1 0.028 0.018-0.09 6 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.1 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 67.7 % Energy digestibility horse - 65.3 % Horse Forage Unit 0.79 0.88 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 81 91 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2100 2340 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1990 2220 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 49 % N digestibility rabbit - 52.4 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.9 20 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 4.6 5.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.83 0.93 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.77 0.86 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 34 38 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 76 85 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 42 47 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.81 0.9 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.74 0.83 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 39 44 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 80 90 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 37 41 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1420 1590 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1310 1460 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2270 2540 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 65.3 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 63.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.2 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.7 10.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.1 6.8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.7 6.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 60 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.76 0.85 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.69 0.77 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 48 53 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 88 98 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 27 30 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.28 0.313 per kg - Insoluble ash 1 1.1 % - Magnesium 2.3 2.6 g/kg - 1 1 Sulfur 7.2 8 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -191 -214 mEq/kg - Manganese 61 68 mg/kg - Zinc 70 78 mg/kg - Copper 8 9 mg/kg - Iron 164 183 mg/kg - Selenium 1 1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 1.1 1.2 g/kg 1 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 6.1 6.8 g/kg 5.5 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 1.6 1.7 g/kg 1.4 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 57 63.7 g/kg 51.2 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.1 1.3 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.7 1.9 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 0.9 1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.9 1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.77 0.86 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.69 0.77 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 2.6 2.9 g/kg 70 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 2590 2900 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 60.5 % N digestibility salmonids - 83.9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6 g/kg 63 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.2 g/kg 64 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 77 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.4 g/kg 60 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.4 g/kg 66 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 65 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.7 g/kg 72 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6 g/kg 70 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7 7.8 g/kg 74 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.9 g/kg 76 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4 g/kg 73 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.3 g/kg 75 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 72 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 7.2 8.1 g/kg 82 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.6 g/kg 67 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 7.6 g/kg 71 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 18.4 20.6 g/kg 79 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 58 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.2 g/kg 69 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 7.2 8 g/kg 69 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.7 g/kg 70 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.4 g/kg 66 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.7 g/kg 77 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 66 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.7 g/kg 70 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.7 g/kg 70 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 74 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6.1 g/kg 71 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.6 g/kg 72 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.7 g/kg 74 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.7 g/kg 69 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.9 g/kg 72 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 70 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.3 g/kg 75 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.9 g/kg 71 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.4 g/kg 68 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 17.6 19.7 g/kg 75 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.5 g/kg 67 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.3 g/kg 70 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.3 g/kg 72 % DE growing pig (MJ) 10.2 11.4 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 9.8 10.9 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7 7.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 11.3 12.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 10.6 11.8 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 7.6 8.4 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 6.7 7.5 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 6 6.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 9.2 10.3 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 8.8 9.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 8.3 9.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 10.9 12.1 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 766 856 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 758 847 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 51 57 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 59 66 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2.5 2.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.8 0.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 50.4 56.3 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.33 2.6 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.15 1.28 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.08 1.2 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.14 1.28 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.63 0.71 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 29 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 35 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 5.4 6.1 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 143 160 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 3 4 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.4 1.6 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -