Dry matter 90.4 100 % - 2.1 87.4 -97.7 68 3.3 Crude protein 37 41 % - 2.2 34 -45 72 2.3 38 -49.1 106 Crude fibre 11.5 12.7 % - 1.7 7.6 -14.7 28 1.8 8.3 -15.9 33 Crude fat 3.2 3.6 % - 0.9 1 -5 35 1 1.2 -5.5 72 Ash 7 7.8 % - 0.7 5.5 -8.4 26 0.7 6.3 -10.1 50 Insoluble ash 0.3 0.3 % - 1 1 NDF 25.1 27.8 % - 4.2 18.9 -39 21 4.6 21.2 -45.4 53 ADF 16.4 18.2 % - 2.2 9.2 -19.1 22 2.4 10.4 -23.1 54 Lignin 7.4 8.2 % - 1.4 3.1 -9 3 1.6 3.5 -10.1 15 Water insoluble cell walls 29.8 33 % - Starch 6.8 7.5 % - 1 7.4 -7.7 2 Total sugars 9.5 10.5 % - 1 1 Gross energy (kcal) 4250 4700 kcal/kg - 200 3910 -4650 25 190 4350 -5010 31 Calcium 6.6 7.3 g/kg - 1.4 5.2 -13.3 17 1.6 5.7 -14.4 33 Phosphorus 10.7 11.8 g/kg - 0.9 8.7 -13 17 1 9.5 -14.2 41 Phytate phosphorus 6.4 7.1 g/kg 60 % P 1 0.7 6.4 -8.6 8 9 54-86 13 Magnesium 5.2 5.7 g/kg - 0.4 4.9 -6.6 19 Potassium 12.6 14 g/kg - 0.9 12 -16.4 18 Sodium 0.4 0.45 g/kg - 0.12 0.09 -0.55 3 0.13 0.1 -0.61 13 Chlorine 0.6 0.7 g/kg - 0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.8 10 Sulfur 7.6 8.4 g/kg - 1.7 6.9 -13.2 19 Dietary cation-anion difference -150 -166 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 325 360 mEq/kg - Manganese 52 57 mg/kg - 4 44 -62 2 4 49 -68 18 Zinc 60 67 mg/kg - 7 60 -66 2 8 56 -81 18 Copper 5 5 mg/kg - 1 3 -8 18 Iron 182 201 mg/kg - 44 134 -240 2 49 116 -295 18 Selenium 1 1 mg/kg - 0.4 0.4 0.9 -2 6 Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - 0.4 0.5 1 -3 16 Iodine 0 0 mg/kg - Lysine 19.5 21.6 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 1.9 16.9 -23.7 35 2.1 16.6 -26.3 54 0.5 4-6.6 55 Threonine 15.8 17.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.8 13.1 -18.5 35 2 9.9 -20.3 56 0.4 2.4-4.8 56 Methionine 7.4 8.2 g/kg 2 g/16g N 1.3 4.1 -10.7 30 1.4 4.6 -12.2 51 0.3 1.1-2.8 51 Cystine 8.8 9.8 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 1.8 6.7 -10.9 17 1.9 5.2 -12.7 38 0.4 1.3-2.9 38 Methionine + cystine 16.2 18 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 2 13.6 -18.3 12 2.2 14.4 -21.9 24 0.5 3.6-5 24 Tryptophan 4.5 5 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 0.4 3.7 -5.2 14 0.4 4.1 -5.8 20 0.07 1-1.3 20 Isoleucine 14.8 16.4 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2 12 -17 34 2.2 8.3 -19.9 55 0.5 2-4.6 55 Valine 18.8 20.8 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 2 15.4 -21.7 33 2.1 13.4 -24.3 54 0.4 3.2-5.8 54 Leucine 25.2 27.8 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 2.3 22.2 -29.6 33 2.5 19.7 -33.3 54 0.5 4.8-7.6 54 Phenylalanine 14.3 15.8 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.2 13.1 -17.3 34 1.3 10.9 -18.9 49 0.3 2.6-4.3 49 Tyrosine 10.5 11.6 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 1.6 7.8 -13.4 24 1.7 6.8 -14.6 45 0.3 1.6-3.3 45 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 24.8 27.4 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 2.2 21.5 -30.7 20 2.3 23.1 -33.5 26 0.4 5.8-7.5 26 Histidine 10.2 11.3 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 1.5 8.4 -14 34 1.7 9.3 -15.8 55 0.4 2.2-3.6 55 Arginine 21.4 23.6 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 2.4 17.4 -31.1 31 2.6 18.4 -33.9 52 0.4 4.4-6.9 52 Alanine 16 17.7 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.8 14.2 -17.8 25 1.9 15.2 -24.1 46 0.5 3.7-5.8 46 Aspartic acid 26 28.8 g/kg 7 g/16g N 3 19.1 -33.4 26 3.3 20.2 -38.1 47 0.6 4.9-8.1 47 Glutamic acid 63.1 69.7 g/kg 17 g/16g N 7.3 55.7 -75.5 25 7.9 51.9 -96.1 46 1.7 12.5-24.1 46 Glycine 18.3 20.3 g/kg 5 g/16g N 2.4 15.9 -22 25 2.6 11.5 -25.1 46 0.5 2.8-5.5 46 Serine 16.2 17.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 2.4 11.7 -18.7 26 2.6 13.1 -22.4 47 0.6 3.2-5.4 47 Proline 22.3 24.6 g/kg 6 g/16g N 3.2 19.1 -27.1 15 3.4 20.5 -36.2 36 0.9 5.3-8.3 36 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0.02 % FA 0.04 0-0.1 46 C14:0 myristic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.03 % FA 0.05 0-0.2 61 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.2 1.3 g/kg 4.7 % FA 0.9 3.9-11.5 78 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.09 0-0.4 63 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.6 % FA 0.3 1.4-3.6 78 C18:1 oleic acid 15.6 17.3 g/kg 60.4 % FA 2.7 43.6-64.2 78 C18:2 linoleic acid 5.2 5.7 g/kg 20 % FA 1.4 17.3-24.9 81 C18:3 linolenic acid 2.4 2.6 g/kg 9.2 % FA 1.9 1.2-12.5 77 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.9 0-4.6 70 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.5 0.6 g/kg 2 % FA 1.9 0-9.1 63 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.03 0.04 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.8 0-4.7 37 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0.02 0-0.1 37 C22:0 behenic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 1 0.09 0-0.5 55 C22:1 erucic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.4 0-1.5 51 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0 37 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 37 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.08 % FA 0.05 0-0.2 39 Fatty acids 2.6 2.9 % 80 % fat Vitamin E 13.9 15.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 3.5 3.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 3.8 4.2 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 10.7 11.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 169 187 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 9.3 10.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Biotin 0.9 1 mg/kg - Choline 6666 7374 mg/kg - Phytase activity 10 10 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3090 3410 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 2840 3150 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1790 1980 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3260 3610 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2980 3300 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1890 2090 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 72.6 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 74.6 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 81 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 79 % 2.3 71.6-79.2 16 Crude fat digestibility pig - 46.8 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 76.8 % OM digestibility adult pig - 78.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 83.9 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 3.4 3.8 g/kg 32 % 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 5.2 5.7 g/kg 48 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1750 1930 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1680 1860 kcal/kg - 180 1610 -2010 7 200 1590 -2300 15 Available P cockerel 2.7 3 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2.7 3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.9 1 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.85 0.94 per kg - PDIA INRA 2007 130 144 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 248 275 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 174 192 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2510 2780 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77.5 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 78 % N digestibility ruminants - 77.8 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 79 % 1 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 71.9 % Absorbable P ruminants 7.6 8.4 g/kg 71 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % 13 30-75 10 Immediately degradable N (a) - 11 % 7 2-18 6 Potentially degradable N (b) - 86 % 7 80-98 6 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.081 h-1 0.06 0.02-0.17 6 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 59 % 9 38-69 10 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 19 % 9 8-27 6 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 70 % 12 59-88 6 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.077 h-1 0.046 0.018-0.14 6 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.5 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 78 % Energy digestibility horse - 75 % Horse Forage Unit 0.84 0.92 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 290 320 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2910 3220 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2580 2860 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 68.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 73.4 % DE salmonids (kcal) 2420 2670 kcal/kg - 2370 -3110 3 2610 -3470 3 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 56.9 % 51.2-64.5 3 N digestibility salmonids - 79.4 % 75-84.5 3 Digestible P salmonids 2.8 3.1 g/kg 26 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 14.7 16.3 g/kg 75 % 13 -16.1 3 14.5 -17.8 3 4 67-81 16 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 11.7 13 g/kg 75 % 9.8 -12.1 3 11 -13.4 3 3 69-79 16 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.1 g/kg 87 % 3 81-95 16 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 7.9 g/kg 81 % 6 -9.6 3 6.6 -10.6 3 5 70-88 16 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 13.6 15 g/kg 84 % 11.6 -16 2 12.9 -17.7 2 81-87 2 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4 g/kg 80 % 5 69-87 9 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 11.6 12.8 g/kg 78 % 10.8 -12.2 3 12 -13.5 3 3 72-83 16 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 14.5 16 g/kg 77 % 13.9 -16 3 15.5 -17.7 3 3 71-82 16 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 20.7 22.9 g/kg 82 % 18.5 -21.6 3 20.6 -23.9 3 3 76-88 16 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.9 13.1 g/kg 83 % 11.7 -12.4 3 12.9 -13.7 3 4 77-90 16 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.3 g/kg 80 % 5 73-96 16 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 20.2 22.4 g/kg 82 % 22.2 -22.4 2 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.5 g/kg 84 % 3 78-87 16 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 18.6 20.5 g/kg 87 % 17.1 -19.7 3 19.1 -21.8 3 5 73-91 16 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 12.8 14.1 g/kg 80 % 11.5 -12.8 3 12.8 -14.2 3 3 75-84 16 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 19.8 21.9 g/kg 76 % 17.2 -20.7 3 19.2 -22.9 3 4 66-82 16 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 54.5 60.3 g/kg 87 % 54 -57.9 3 59.8 -64.1 3 2 82-89 16 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 14.3 15.8 g/kg 78 % 13.8 -14.7 3 15.5 -16.1 3 2 74-83 16 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 12.6 13.9 g/kg 78 % 3 71-82 16 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 17.4 19.3 g/kg 78 % 15.6 -22.8 2 17.3 -25.5 2 7 74-100 12 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.3 17 g/kg 79 % 1 2 12.7 -20.1 10 4 66-83 13 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.6 12.8 g/kg 74 % 1 1.8 7 -13.1 10 6 57-80 13 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.5 7.2 g/kg 88 % 1 1 4.1 -7.5 10 4 78-93 13 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.3 7 g/kg 72 % 1 1.3 3.6 -7.6 10 8 51-80 13 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.9 14.2 g/kg 79 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.5 g/kg 90 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.7 13 g/kg 79 % 1 1.9 6.2 -13.5 10 5 68-85 13 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.5 16.1 g/kg 77 % 1 2.2 9.7 -17.2 10 5 63-82 13 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 20.6 22.8 g/kg 82 % 1 2.9 16 -26.7 10 4 71-87 13 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.7 12.9 g/kg 82 % 1 1.7 8.7 -14.9 10 4 72-87 13 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 9 9.9 g/kg 86 % 1.3 1.4 5.8 -10 9 9 67-97 12 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 20.7 22.9 g/kg 83 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.9 7.6 g/kg 67 % 1 1.5 5.3 -11 10 13 53-85 13 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.3 20.3 g/kg 86 % 1 2.8 15.8 -25.1 10 4 75-91 13 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 13 14.3 g/kg 81 % 1 3.1 12.1 -20.8 10 5 69-87 13 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 19.5 21.5 g/kg 75 % 1 3.1 14.8 -24.5 10 6 58-80 13 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 54.1 59.8 g/kg 86 % 1 12.2 42.4 -85.2 10 7 63-92 13 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.4 16 g/kg 79 % 1 3 72-83 13 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.6 g/kg 76 % 1 2.9 7.7 -17.1 10 6 59-83 13 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 16.9 18.7 g/kg 76 % 1 4 15.8 -28.6 10 5 61-80 13 Gross energy (MJ) 17.8 19.7 MJ/kg - 0.8 16.4 -19.5 25 0.8 18.2 -21 31 DE growing pig (MJ) 12.9 14.3 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 11.9 13.2 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.5 8.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.7 15.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 12.5 13.8 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 7.9 8.7 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 7.3 8.1 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 7 7.8 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.5 11.6 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.2 13.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 10.8 12 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 10.1 11.2 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 3.6 4 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % VEM CVB 2018 900 995 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 933 1032 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 158 175 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 137 152 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.5 5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 62.6 69.3 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.13 3.46 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.58 1.75 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.49 1.65 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.71 1.9 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.14 1.26 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 37 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 44 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.4 7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 249 276 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 19 21 g/kg - UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.97 1.07 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.94 1.04 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 92 102 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 140 155 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 166 184 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.94 1.04 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.91 1 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 108 120 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 154 171 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 148 164 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1660 1840 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1600 1770 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2580 2850 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 63 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.7 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 60 % Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.289 0.32 per kg - UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.9 0.99 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.86 0.95 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 130 144 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 175 194 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 123 136 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.4 1.6 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -