Dry matter 89 100 % - 2.8 83.5 -94.8 14 4.4 Crude protein 2 2.3 % - 0.7 1.1 -3.1 14 0.8 1.1 -3.4 17 Crude fibre 15.4 17.3 % - 3.6 10.6 -22.5 11 4 12.1 -26.9 12 Crude fat 0.6 0.7 % - 0.6 0.2 -1.9 10 0.7 0.2 -2.4 13 Ash 3.6 4 % - 1.5 2.5 -5.8 11 1.6 1.5 -6.5 15 Insoluble ash 1.3 1.5 % - 1 NDF 32.8 36.9 % - 10.1 6.6 -38.8 9 11.2 7.3 -46.7 11 ADF 16.5 18.6 % - 9.7 2.9 -31.4 9 10.9 3.3 -35.2 11 Lignin 3.4 3.9 % - 1 3.6 -4.4 3 Water insoluble cell walls 32.1 36 % - Starch 47.5 53.4 % - 6.2 39.4 -57.4 10 6.8 42.8 -64 10 Total sugars 2.9 3.3 % - 1 1 Gross energy (kcal) 3730 4190 kcal/kg - Calcium 5.8 6.5 g/kg - 3.1 3.4 -10.6 6 3.5 0.06 -11.9 8 Phosphorus 0.5 0.6 g/kg - 0.7 0.2 -2.3 8 Phytate phosphorus 0.1 0.1 g/kg 25 % P Magnesium 0.6 0.7 g/kg - 0.1 -1.2 2 Zinc 91 102 mg/kg - 1 Copper 5 5 mg/kg - 0.1 -11 2 Iron 251 282 mg/kg - 6 -559 2 Lysine 0.8 0.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Threonine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Cystine 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine 0.7 0.8 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tryptophan 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N Isoleucine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Valine 0.9 1 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Leucine 1 1.2 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine 0.7 0.8 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tyrosine 0.5 0.6 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 1.2 1.3 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Histidine 0.7 0.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Arginine 0.8 0.8 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Alanine 1.1 1.2 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Aspartic acid 1.3 1.5 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glutamic acid 2.4 2.7 g/kg 12 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glycine 0.7 0.8 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Serine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Proline 0.9 1 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 3.9 % FA 0.2-7.6 2 C14:0 myristic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0-3.3 3 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 31.6 % FA 28.6-35.1 3 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 2.4 % FA 0.7-4.1 2 C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 2.8 % FA 2-3.7 3 C18:1 oleic acid 1.8 2.1 g/kg 35.9 % FA 33.2-37.5 3 C18:2 linoleic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 15.7 % FA 14.5-18.1 3 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 7.7 % FA 4.2-11 3 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Fatty acids 0.5 0.6 % 80 % fat Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 2460 2760 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2400 2690 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1840 2070 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2640 2970 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2550 2860 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1930 2170 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 65.8 % OM digestibility growing pig - 69.8 % N digestibility growing pig - 54.7 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 70.8 % OM digestibility adult pig - 74.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 100 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.05 0.06 g/kg 10 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.08 0.09 g/kg 15 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2150 2420 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2150 2420 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.1 0.1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.1 0.1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.56 0.63 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.48 0.53 per kg - PDIA INRA 2007 7 8 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 14 16 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 42 47 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1650 1860 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 52.6 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 56.4 % N digestibility ruminants - 0 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 42.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 0.3 0.3 g/kg 50 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 64 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 18 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 67 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.13 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 84 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 73 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 27 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.04 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 20 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 59 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.13 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 72.8 % Energy digestibility horse - 70.1 % Horse Forage Unit 0.9 1.01 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 6 7 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2460 2770 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 2440 2740 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 66 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 50.6 % 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 1690 1900 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 45.2 % N digestibility salmonids - 45.5 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 69 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 69 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.3 g/kg 80 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.3 g/kg 66 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 72 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.1 g/kg 70 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 76 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.7 g/kg 74 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.9 g/kg 78 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 80 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.4 g/kg 77 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 1 g/kg 78 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 76 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 84 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.8 g/kg 71 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 74 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.2 g/kg 82 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 65 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 73 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 74 % Gross energy (MJ) 15.6 17.6 MJ/kg - DE growing pig (MJ) 10.3 11.6 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10 11.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.7 8.7 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 11.1 12.4 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 10.7 12 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.1 9.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9 10.1 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9 10.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 6.9 7.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 10.3 11.6 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 10.2 11.5 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.1 7.9 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 3.2 3.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % VEM CVB 2018 557 625 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 520 584 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 15 17 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -47 -53 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2.5 2.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1 1.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 63 70.7 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.67 2.99 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.29 1.45 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.21 1.36 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.4 1.57 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.86 0.97 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 34 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 39 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3.9 4.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 73 82 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -8 -9 g/kg - UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.57 0.64 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.49 0.55 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 5 6 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 46 52 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -63 -71 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.55 0.62 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.47 0.53 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 6 7 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 45 51 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -61 -68 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 970 1090 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 830 930 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1620 1820 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 55 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 51.3 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 65 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 78 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 61 % Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.281 0.316 per kg - UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.52 0.58 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.43 0.48 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 7 8 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 45 51 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -60 -67 g/kg - Potassium 0.1 0.1 g/kg - 1 Sodium 0.08 0.09 g/kg - 1 Chlorine 0.1 0.1 g/kg - Electrolyte balance 3 4 mEq/kg - Selenium 1 1 mg/kg - 1 Cobalt 0 0 mg/kg - 1 Molybdenum 0 0 mg/kg - 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.6 g/kg 74 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 70 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.3 g/kg 80 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.3 g/kg 68 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 73 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.1 0.1 g/kg 74 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 76 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.7 g/kg 75 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 76 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 77 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 73 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1 g/kg 75 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 74 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 78 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 75 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1.1 g/kg 71 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 78 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 70 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 73 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.7 g/kg 75 % Starch, enzymatic method 45.6 51.2 % -