Dry matter 89.7 100 % - 2.3 84.9 -92.8 10 3.7 Crude protein 43.7 48.8 % - 1.6 40.6 -46.2 11 1.3 46.6 -51.7 10 Crude fibre 5.8 6.4 % - 2.4 2.5 -9.1 8 2.6 2.8 -10.1 8 Crude fat 4.1 4.6 % - Ash 4.3 4.8 % - 1.5 2.3 -6.8 8 1.7 2.6 -7.7 8 Insoluble ash 2.4 2.7 % - 1.3 -4.3 3 1.4 -4.7 3 NDF 37 41.2 % - 5.5 28.4 -45.6 7 6.1 33.5 -49.9 7 ADF 14.2 15.8 % - 1.5 12.9 -16.3 7 1.6 14.1 -18.7 7 Lignin 8.5 9.5 % - 3.8 2.1 -11.3 5 4.2 2.3 -13 5 Water insoluble cell walls 26.3 29.4 % - Starch 2.4 2.7 % - 1.5 -4 4 1.7 -4.5 4 Total sugars 0.8 0.9 % - Gross energy (kcal) 4430 4940 kcal/kg - Calcium 4.6 5.2 g/kg - 0.7 -7.3 3 0.8 -8 3 Phosphorus 5.8 6.5 g/kg - 1.6 4.2 -8.3 7 1.8 4.9 -9.1 7 Phytate phosphorus 2.3 2.6 g/kg 40 % P 1.3 1.2 -4.4 5 1.4 1.4 -4.8 5 13 27-57 5 Lysine 11.9 13.3 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 1 2.7-2.7 2 Threonine 15.3 17 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 14.7 -16.7 2 1 3.3-3.7 2 Methionine 10.9 12.2 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 10.6 -11.9 2 1 2.4-2.6 2 Cystine 9.2 10.2 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 9.1 -9.8 2 1 2-2.2 2 Methionine + cystine 20.1 22.4 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 19.6 -21.7 2 1 4.4-4.8 2 Tryptophan 4.1 4.6 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1 Isoleucine 17.3 19.3 g/kg 4 g/16g N 16.7 -18.9 2 1 3.7-4.2 2 Valine 24.2 27 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 23.3 -26.4 2 1 5.2-5.9 2 Leucine 35.7 39.8 g/kg 8.2 g/16g N 1 8-8.3 2 Phenylalanine 21.6 24.1 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 21.3 -23.2 2 1 4.7-5.2 2 Tyrosine 10.8 12 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 32.4 36.2 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 1 1 Histidine 10.4 11.6 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 10.4 -11 2 1 2.3-2.4 2 Arginine 28 31.2 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 27.1 -30.6 2 1 6-6.8 2 Alanine 23.6 26.4 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 23 -25.6 2 1 5.1-5.7 2 Aspartic acid 35.6 39.6 g/kg 8.1 g/16g N 34 -39.1 2 1 7.6-8.7 2 Glutamic acid 69.6 77.6 g/kg 15.9 g/16g N 68.4 -74.8 2 1 15.2-16.6 2 Glycine 17.9 20 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 17.7 -19.2 2 1 3.9-4.3 2 Serine 20.4 22.8 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 20.1 -22 2 1 4.5-4.9 2 Proline 21.1 23.5 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 21 -22.3 2 1 4.7-5 2 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 5.8 6.5 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C18:0 stearic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.5 0.9-3.7 40 C18:1 oleic acid 12.3 13.7 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40 C18:2 linoleic acid 11 12.3 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.5 1-3.7 40 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 7 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Fatty acids 3.1 3.4 % 75 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 3310 3690 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3050 3400 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1840 2050 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3640 4060 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3300 3680 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2060 2290 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 74.6 % OM digestibility growing pig - 76.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 62.8 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 48.7 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 82.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 84.4 % N digestibility adult pig - 67.3 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2560 2850 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2520 2810 kcal/kg - UFL INRA 2007 1.12 1.25 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.1 1.23 per kg - PDIA INRA 2007 181 202 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 310 346 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 227 253 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3010 3360 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 89.7 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.2 % N digestibility ruminants - 80.1 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.1 % Absorbable P ruminants 4 4.4 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 56 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 25 % 17-45 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 60 % 40-74 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.027 0.027-0.1 5 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 89 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 78 % 1 Potentially degradable starch (b) - 17 % 1 Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.136 h-1 1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 40 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 49 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.92 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.68 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.32 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.01 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.06 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 9.24 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.49 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.36 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 74.8 % Energy digestibility horse - 72 % Horse Forage Unit 0.76 0.84 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 355 396 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3370 3760 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3070 3420 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 76.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 57.3 % DE salmonids (kcal) 3150 3520 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 71.1 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 7.9 8.8 g/kg 66 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 10.3 11.4 g/kg 67 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.5 g/kg 78 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.5 g/kg 63 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 14.4 16 g/kg 71 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 68 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 12.9 14.3 g/kg 74 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 17.4 19.4 g/kg 72 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 27.2 30.3 g/kg 76 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 16.9 18.9 g/kg 78 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9.1 g/kg 75 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 25.1 27.9 g/kg 77 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 8.6 g/kg 74 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 23.4 26.1 g/kg 83 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 16.4 18.3 g/kg 69 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 25.8 28.8 g/kg 73 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 56.1 62.5 g/kg 81 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.5 g/kg 62 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 14.6 16.3 g/kg 71 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 15.2 16.9 g/kg 72 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.6 g/kg 72 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.4 11.6 g/kg 68 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.6 g/kg 78 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.9 g/kg 67 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.7 16.4 g/kg 73 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 72 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13 14.5 g/kg 75 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.7 19.7 g/kg 73 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 26.5 29.6 g/kg 74 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.4 18.3 g/kg 76 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.6 g/kg 71 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 24.1 26.9 g/kg 74 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.4 g/kg 72 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 21.4 23.9 g/kg 76 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.3 19.3 g/kg 73 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 24.9 27.8 g/kg 70 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 53.7 59.9 g/kg 77 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.7 g/kg 69 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.7 16.4 g/kg 72 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 15.5 17.3 g/kg 74 % Gross energy (MJ) 18.6 20.7 MJ/kg - DE growing pig (MJ) 13.8 15.4 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 12.8 14.2 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.7 8.6 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.2 17 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.8 15.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.6 9.6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.7 11.9 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.5 11.8 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.6 14 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 14.1 15.7 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.8 14.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 13.2 14.7 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 2.5 2.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % VEM CVB 2018 1059 1181 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1207 1346 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 222 247 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 149 166 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.4 4.9 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 2.1 2.4 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 61.8 68.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.16 3.52 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.61 1.8 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.52 1.7 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.74 1.94 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.16 1.29 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 47 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.9 8.8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 311 346 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 20 23 g/kg - UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.22 1.36 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.24 1.38 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 144 160 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 195 217 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 176 197 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.19 1.33 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.21 1.35 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 161 179 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 209 233 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 160 178 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2100 2340 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2120 2370 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3140 3500 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.8 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 88.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 57 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 83 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.56 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.6 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.61 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.92 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.36 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.44 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.62 % PDI DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 63 % Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.25 0.278 per kg - UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.15 1.28 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.15 1.28 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 183 204 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 230 257 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 136 151 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 2.3 2.5 % -