| Name | Unit | Unit | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dry matter | % | - |
Dry matter, difference between the total weight and the moisture content. It is usually obtained by oven-drying, though there are methods specific to particular products, such as silages, fats, and molasses. |
| Crude protein | % | - |
Crude protein, calculated as N x 6.25, where N is the nitrogen obtained by mineralisation through the Kjeldahl or Dumas methods. |
| Crude fibre | % | - |
Crude fibre, also known as Weende cellulose, is the insoluble residue of an acid hydrolysis followed by an alkaline one. This residue contains true cellulose and insoluble lignin. It is also used to assess hair, hoof or feather residues in animal byproducts. |
| Crude fat | % | - |
Crude fat, extracted by diethyl ether, petroleum ether or hexane. For animal products/byproducts, gluten, potato pulp, distillery and brewery byproducts, yeast, dairy products and bakery/biscuits byproducts, crude fat is typically extracted after HCl hydrolysis. |
| Ash | % | - |
Ash (mineral matter) remaining after incineration. Organic matter is calculated as 100 - ash. |
| Insoluble ash | % | - |
Insoluble ash, residue after incineration and treatment with cholorhydric acid. Sometimes considered as silica. |
| NDF | % | - |
Neutral detergent fibre, fraction of the cell walls according to Van Soest, considered to be roughly equivalent to the sum of hemicellulose, true cellulose and lignin. |
| ADF | % | - |
Acid Detergent Fiber, fraction of the cell walls according to Van Soest, considered to be roughly equivalent to the sum of true cellulose and lignin. ADF is generally higher than crude fibre. |
| Lignin | % | - |
Lignin, usually obtained by the Van Soest method. Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) is composed of both soluble and insoluble lignins. |
| Water insoluble cell walls | % | - |
Water insoluble cell walls, according to the Carré method, used as a predictor for the metabolizable energy of poultry feeds. This method is described in the AFNOR norm NFV 18-111. |
| Starch | % | - |
Starch, generally measured by polarimetry. Depending on the method, the obtained starch value include actual starch but possibly other carbohydrate compounds. |
| Starch, enzymatic method | % | - |
Starch obtained by an enzymatic method. |
| Total sugars | % | - |
Total sugars, usually obtained by ethanol extraction, but other methods are used depending on the product. |
| Lactose | % | - |
Lactose, a disaccharide sugar found in milk. |
| Gross energy (kcal) | kcal/kg | - |
Gross energy, obtained by the total combustion in an calorimeter (usually adiabatic), expressed in kilocalories per kg. 1 kcal = 0.0041855 MJ. |
| Gross energy (MJ) | MJ/kg | - |
Gross energy, obtained by the total combustion in an calorimeter (usually adiabatic), expressed in megajoules per kg. 1 MJ = 238.92 kcal. |