Apple pomace, dried

Dried byproduct of apple juice or cider manufacture obtained by pressing apples (Malus communis Poir.). Apple pomace contains the peels, pulp and seeds.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 91 100 % - 1.8 80.4 -95.3 278 2.8
Crude protein 7.3 8 % - 2.1 3.3 -10.5 161 2.3 3.6 -16 182
Crude fibre 26.4 29 % - 7.6 14 -39.1 99 8.3 15.1 -42.9 93
Crude fat 3 3.3 % - 1.2 1.1 -5.8 64 1.3 1.2 -7 76
Ash 2.1 2.3 % - 1.4 0.7 -9 84 1.5 0.8 -9.9 101
Insoluble ash 0.3 0.3 % - 0.3 0.07 -0.9 5 0.2 -0.9 2
NDF 49.8 54.8 % - 10.5 34.2 -66.8 107 11.5 30.1 -74.6 117
ADF 41.8 45.9 % - 11.7 23.4 -60.3 108 12.8 24.5 -67.1 118
Lignin 18.5 20.3 % - 5.4 7.4 -35.3 222 5.9 6.4 -39.4 230
Water insoluble cell walls 62.8 69 % - 58.5 -67 2 1
Starch 7.8 8.5 % - 6.2 0.8 -16.1 7 6.8 0.9 -18.4 9
Starch, enzymatic method 2.1 2.3 % - 0.8 -3.3 2
Total sugars 6 6.6 % - 4.2 0.5 -25.2 127 4.6 0.6 -26.9 127
Gross energy (kcal) 4180 4600 kcal/kg - 250 260 4590 -5210 5
Gross energy (MJ) 17.5 19.2 MJ/kg - 1.1 1.1 19.2 -21.8 5
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 0.9 1 g/kg - 0.7 0.2 -3.1 38 0.8 0.2 -3.5 44
Phosphorus 1.2 1.4 g/kg - 0.4 0.9 -2 39 0.4 0.1 -2.2 45
Phytate phosphorus 0.7 0.8 g/kg 60 % P
Magnesium 0.6 0.6 g/kg - 1 0.2 0.4 -1 7
Potassium 3 3.3 g/kg - 2.2 1.1 -7.4 34 2.4 1.2 -8.2 37
Sodium 2.58 2.84 g/kg - 5.83 0.02 -22 32 6.4 0.02 -24.17 36
Chlorine 0.5 0.6 g/kg - 0.7 0 -1.9 28 0.8 0 -2.2 26
Sulfur 5.4 5.9 g/kg - 1 1
Dietary cation-anion difference -160 -176 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 175 192 mEq/kg -
Manganese 6 6 mg/kg - 5 -8 3 2 -9 4
Zinc 4 4 mg/kg - 3 -6 3 2 -7 4
Copper 3 3 mg/kg - 1 -5 3 1 -5 4
Iron 68 75 mg/kg - 16 55 -93 5 17 60 -100 6
Selenium 0.04 0.04 mg/kg - 1 1
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1
C14:0 myristic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1
C16:0 palmitic acid 3.5 3.9 g/kg 15.8 % FA 1
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1
C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1
C18:1 oleic acid 1.2 1.3 g/kg 5.4 % FA 1
C18:2 linoleic acid 14.4 15.8 g/kg 64.3 % FA 1
C18:3 linolenic acid 1.9 2.1 g/kg 8.5 % FA 1
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.03 % FA 1
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.1 % FA 1
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C22:0 behenic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.8 % FA 1
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA 1
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.05 % FA 1
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 2.2 2.5 % 75 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.68 0.75 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.6 0.66 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 22 24 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 66 72 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -49 -53 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.398 0.437 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1970 2160 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1200 1320 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1060 1160 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.1 8.9 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.9 5.4 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.3 4.7 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 57.7 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 55.7 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 46 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 43 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.2 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.7 0.77 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.63 0.69 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 20 22 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 65 72 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -48 -52 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.64 0.7 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.55 0.6 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 25 27 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 68 75 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -53 -58 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.67 0.73 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.58 0.64 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 26 28 g/kg - 1
PDIN INRA 2007 41 45 g/kg - 1
PDIE INRA 2007 68 74 g/kg - 1
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1950 2150 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 8.2 9 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 59 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 57.1 %
N digestibility ruminants - 48.9 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 55 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 43 % 1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 45 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 70.7 %
Absorbable P ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 70 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.5 0.5 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.1 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 665 730 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 634 696 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 40 44 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 -41 -45 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 4 4.4 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.6 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 46.1 50.7 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.01 2.21 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.85 0.94 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.79 0.87 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.88 0.97 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.39 0.42 Mcal/kg -
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 4.7 5.2 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 109 119 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -6 -6 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2140 2350 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 2020 2220 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1250 1370 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 2420 2660 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 2230 2450 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1410 1550 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 8.9 9.8 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 8.5 9.3 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 5.2 5.8 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 10.1 11.1 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 9.3 10.3 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 5.9 6.5 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 51.1 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 57.9 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 55.6 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 62 %
N digestibility growing pig - 48.7 %
N digestibility adult pig - 71.9 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 27.3 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.4 0.4 g/kg 30 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.6 0.6 g/kg 45 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1050 1150 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 1020 1120 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 4.4 4.8 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 4.3 4.7 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.3 0.3 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.3 0.3 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 59.7 % 1
Energy digestibility horse - 57.7 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.73 0.8 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 27 29 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 1730 1900 kcal/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (kcal) 1680 1850 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 7.3 8 MJ/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (MJ) 7 7.7 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 41.4 %
N digestibility rabbit - 49 % 1
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 2100 2310 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 8.8 9.7 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 50.2 %
N digestibility salmonids - 76.9 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 3.1 3.4 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 3.3-5.3 4
Threonine 2.3 2.6 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 2.8-4 4
Methionine 1.1 1.2 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 1 -1.1 3 1.1 -1.7 4 1-2 4
Cystine 0.7 0.8 g/kg 1 g/16g N 0.8 -1.2 4 0.7-1.4 4
Methionine + cystine 1.8 2 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 1.9 -2.9 3 1.8-3.5 3
Tryptophan 0.8 0.8 g/kg 1 g/16g N 1 1 1
Isoleucine 2.8 3 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 2.6 -3.5 3 2.9 -3.8 4 3.6-4.2 4
Valine 3 3.3 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 2.9 -3.7 3 3.3 -4.1 4 3.8-4.7 4
Leucine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 3.8 -6.6 4 4.6-7.3 4
Phenylalanine 2.7 3 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 2.7 -3.7 3 2.3 -4.1 4 2.8-4.3 4
Tyrosine 1.9 2.1 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 1 1.8 -2.2 2 2.6-2.7 2
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 4.6 5.1 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 1 1
Histidine 1.6 1.8 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 1.6 -2.6 4 1.7-3.1 4
Arginine 3.1 3.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 3 -4.6 3 2.2 -5.1 4 2.7-4.9 4
Alanine 3 3.3 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 4.1-4.2 2
Aspartic acid 6 6.6 g/kg 8.2 g/16g N 6 -7.1 3 7.3-9.7 3
Glutamic acid 9.6 10.5 g/kg 13.1 g/16g N 7.6 -12.9 3 8.5 -14.2 3 12.3-13.7 3
Glycine 3.1 3.4 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 2.5 -4.6 4 3-5 4
Serine 2.7 3 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 2.5 -3.5 3 2.8 -3.8 3 3.5-4 3
Proline 2.5 2.7 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 2.3 -3.3 3 2.5 -3.6 3 3.1-3.7 3
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 58 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 60 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.9 g/kg 74 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.4 g/kg 55 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.4 g/kg 66 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 62 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 70 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.2 g/kg 66 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.5 g/kg 71 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.2 g/kg 74 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.5 g/kg 70 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 73 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 69 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.7 g/kg 80 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 63 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.4 g/kg 68 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.3 8 g/kg 77 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 53 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 65 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 66 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 67 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.6 g/kg 63 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 75 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 64 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.5 g/kg 70 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 68 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 71 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 69 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.4 g/kg 70 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.1 g/kg 72 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.4 g/kg 65 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.7 g/kg 70 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 68 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.5 g/kg 72 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 69 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.4 g/kg 66 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7 7.7 g/kg 73 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.1 g/kg 64 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2 g/kg 68 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 70 %
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