Barley distillers grains, whisky production, fresh

Fresh byproduct of whisky manufacture, obtained from the distillery of barley grains (Hordeum vulgare L.), and consisting of spent grains.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 24.6 100 % - 2.3 22 -32.8 19 13.4
Crude protein 5 20.2 % - 0.6 4.1 -6.3 18 1.4 17.8 -23.5 18
Crude fibre 4.4 18 % - 0.7 3.6 -8 15 2.1 16.3 -24.3 15
Crude fat 1.9 7.7 % - 0.5 0.2 -2.2 16 1.9 0.7 -8.9 16
Ash 0.8 3.4 % - 0.2 0.6 -2 18 0.7 2.4 -6.1 18
Insoluble ash 0.2 0.9 % -
NDF 16 65.1 % - 15.9 -17.5 4 61.8 -68.9 4
ADF 6.8 27.6 % - 1 6.6 -7.9 5 2.9 24.7 -32.4 5
Lignin 1.5 5.9 % - 1.2 -1.7 3 5.1 -6.8 3
Water insoluble cell walls 15.1 61.2 % -
Starch 0.4 1.8 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0.4 1.7 % - 0.3 -0.5 2 1.4 -2.1 2
Total sugars 0.1 0.5 % - 0.1 -0.2 2 0.4 -0.6 2
Gross energy (kcal) 1250 5100 kcal/kg - 1250 -1300 2
Gross energy (MJ) 5.2 21.3 MJ/kg - 5.2 -5.4 2
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 0.3 1.3 g/kg - 0.2 0.1 -1 17 0.7 0.3 -3.8 17
Phosphorus 0.9 3.7 g/kg - 0.4 0.4 -3.2 17 1.7 1.5 -9.8 17
Phytate phosphorus 0.5 2.2 g/kg 60 % P
Magnesium 0.3 1.2 g/kg - 0.07 0.2 -0.5 16 0.3 0.8 -1.8 16
Potassium 0.08 0.3 g/kg - 0.03 0.05 -0.1 15 0.1 0.2 -0.6 15
Sodium 0.03 0.13 g/kg - 0.04 0.01 -0.18 16 0.17 0.05 -0.77 16
Chlorine 0.8 3.2 g/kg -
Sulfur 0.9 3.6 g/kg -
Dietary cation-anion difference -75 -303 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance -19 -76 mEq/kg -
Manganese 10 41 mg/kg - 10 -10 2 39 -43 2
Zinc 46 188 mg/kg - 20 -71 2 80 -295 2
Copper 4 15 mg/kg - 3 -5 3 11 -18 3
Iron 55 225 mg/kg -
Selenium 0.04 0.2 mg/kg -
Cobalt 0.02 0.1 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0.05 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3-0.5 2
C16:0 palmitic acid 3 12.2 g/kg 21.2 % FA 2 19-26.9 13
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.03 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1
C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.6 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.5 0.6-2.3 12
C18:1 oleic acid 1.9 7.7 g/kg 13.4 % FA 2.2 11.4-17.8 12
C18:2 linoleic acid 7.9 32.1 g/kg 55.9 % FA 1.2 53-57.5 12
C18:3 linolenic acid 1.2 5 g/kg 8.7 % FA 2.3 4.4-11.6 12
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.5 g/kg 0.9 % FA 1
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 1.4 5.7 % 74 % fat 3 70-77 5
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.22 0.9 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.2 0.81 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 18 75 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 30 122 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 3 14 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.102 0.415 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 630 2560 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 390 1580 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 350 1430 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.4 9.8 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.5 6 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.3 5.2 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 60.7 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 60.6 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 50 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 84 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 39 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.23 0.93 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.21 0.85 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 17 69 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 29 118 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 5 20 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.21 0.84 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.18 0.75 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 21 86 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 32 132 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 0.3 1 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.2 0.8 per kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.22 0.88 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.17 0.69 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.19 0.78 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 22 87 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 34 137 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 31 124 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 630 2540 kcal/kg - 580 -630 2 2270 -2580 2
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 2.6 10.6 MJ/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 2.4 9.8 MJ/kg - 2.4 -2.6 2 9.5 -10.8 2
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 62.1 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 62 %
N digestibility ruminants - 67.3 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 75 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % 1
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 48 %
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 84 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 40 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 75.6 %
Absorbable P ruminants 0.7 2.9 g/kg 78 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.2 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 216 877 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 211 857 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 24 99 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 6 24 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 0.8 3.2 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 0.3 1.3 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 15.9 64.5 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 0.72 2.94 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.36 1.44 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.33 1.36 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.38 1.53 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.23 0.93 Mcal/kg -
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 1.5 6.2 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 49 197 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 0.2 0.7 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 590 2390 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 550 2220 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 350 1430 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 660 2670 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 600 2430 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 390 1590 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 2.5 10 MJ/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 2.4 9.8 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 2.2 9.1 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 2.3 9.3 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 1.4 5.9 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 1.5 6 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 2.7 11 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 2.8 11.2 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 2.5 10 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 2.5 10.2 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 1.6 6.6 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 1.6 6.6 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 46.9 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 52.4 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 51 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 56.8 %
N digestibility growing pig - 65.8 %
N digestibility adult pig - 74.1 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 56.1 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.3 1.1 g/kg 30 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.4 1.6 g/kg 45 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 490 2000 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 480 1950 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 1.5 6 MJ/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 2.1 8.4 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 1.4 5.8 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 2 8.2 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.2 0.9 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.2 0.9 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 54.6 %
Energy digestibility horse - 52.9 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.17 0.7 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 31 124 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 690 2820 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 660 2690 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 2.9 11.8 MJ/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 2.9 11.8 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 2.8 11.3 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 2.8 11.3 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 55.4 %
N digestibility rabbit - 49.7 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 730 2970 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 3.1 12.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 58.2 %
N digestibility salmonids - 84.5 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 1.6 6.4 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1.2 1.4-4.8 10
Threonine 1.8 7.3 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.2 3.1-3.9 10
Methionine 0.7 2.9 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.2 1-1.7 9
Cystine 0.9 3.5 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.2 1.5-2 8
Methionine + cystine 1.6 6.4 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N
Tryptophan 0.7 2.7 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 1
Isoleucine 1.9 7.7 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.4 2.9-4.1 10
Valine 2.6 10.6 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 0.7 3.8-6.5 10
Leucine 3.6 14.6 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N 0.7 6.4-8.8 10
Phenylalanine 2.4 9.6 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 0.5 4-5.5 10
Tyrosine 1.5 6 g/kg 3 g/16g N 0.4 2.5-3.8 9
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 3.8 15.6 g/kg 7.7 g/16g N
Histidine 1.2 4.8 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 0.5 1.1-3 10
Arginine 2.3 9.3 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 0.9 3.3-6.3 10
Alanine 2.5 10 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.9 3.6-6.2 10
Aspartic acid 3.1 12.5 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 0.8 4.9-7 10
Glutamic acid 9.8 39.7 g/kg 19.6 g/16g N 3.5 15.4-24.4 10
Glycine 2 8.3 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.5 3.3-4.7 10
Serine 2.1 8.5 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.4 3.9-5 10
Proline 4.6 18.9 g/kg 9.3 g/16g N 0.9 8-10.7 7
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 4.7 g/kg 73 % 1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 6.2 g/kg 84 % 1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 2.6 g/kg 89 % 1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 3 g/kg 87 % 1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 5.6 g/kg 88 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 2.3 g/kg 86 % 1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 6.9 g/kg 89 % 1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 9.1 g/kg 86 % 1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 13.1 g/kg 90 % 1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 8.8 g/kg 92 % 1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 5.6 g/kg 93 % 1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 14.4 g/kg 93 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1 4.2 g/kg 87 % 1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 8.7 g/kg 93 % 1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 2 8 g/kg 80 % 1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 10.5 g/kg 83 % 1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 9.1 36.8 g/kg 93 % 1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 6.8 g/kg 82 % 1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 7.6 g/kg 89 % 1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 11.6 g/kg 61 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 4.1 g/kg 63 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 4.4 g/kg 60 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 2.1 g/kg 72 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 2.1 g/kg 61 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 4.2 g/kg 66 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 1.8 g/kg 64 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 5.3 g/kg 69 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 6.9 g/kg 66 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 9.7 g/kg 66 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 6.6 g/kg 69 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 3.7 g/kg 61 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 10.3 g/kg 66 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 3.1 g/kg 64 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 6.4 g/kg 69 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 6.6 g/kg 65 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 7.9 g/kg 63 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 27.7 g/kg 70 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 5 g/kg 60 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 5.5 g/kg 65 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 12.6 g/kg 67 %
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