Whey permeate

Dried byproduct of ultrafiltration of whey, consisting of low-molecular weight compounds, particularly lactose and minerals. It also includes non-protein nitrogen compounds and vitamins.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 97.7 100 % - 1.6 95.5 -99.1 42 1.3
Crude protein 5.5 5.6 % - 2.2 2.3 -13.1 44 2.2 2.4 -13.6 42
Crude fibre 0 0 % -
Crude fat, hydrolysis 1.5 1.5 % -
Ash 8.5 8.7 % - 1.2 7.2 -13.1 42 1.2 7.4 -13.4 41
NDF 0 0 % -
ADF 0 0 % -
Lignin 0 0 % -
Starch 0 0 % -
Lactose 84.8 86.8 % - 2.2 78.7 -88.3 24 2.1 80.6 -90.6 23
Gross energy (kcal) 3650 3740 kcal/kg -
Gross energy (MJ) 15.3 15.6 MJ/kg -
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 6.5 6.7 g/kg - 4 2 -19.6 37 4.1 2 -20.5 36
Phosphorus 6.7 6.9 g/kg - 2 3 -12.9 40 2 3 -13.1 39
Magnesium 1.1 1.1 g/kg - 1 1
Potassium 27.2 27.8 g/kg - 1 1
Sodium 6.32 6.48 g/kg - 0.94 3.17 -7.7 23 0.96 3.2 -7.85 22
Chlorine 16 16.4 g/kg - 2.1 11.9 -20.3 29 2.1 12.2 -20.8 29
Electrolyte balance 521 534 mEq/kg -
Zinc 4 4 mg/kg - 1 1
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 1.3 1.3 g/kg 9 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.2 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 1.3 1.3 g/kg 9 % FA
C16:0 palmitic acid 4.1 4.2 g/kg 29.3 % FA
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.7 0.7 g/kg 5.1 % FA
C18:0 stearic acid 1.6 1.7 g/kg 11.7 % FA
C18:1 oleic acid 3.1 3.2 g/kg 22.3 % FA
C18:2 linoleic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 3.5 % FA
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.08 0.08 g/kg 0.6 % FA
Fatty acids 1.4 1.4 g/kg 95 % fat
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 1.05 1.07 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 1.08 1.1 per kg -
PDIA Systali 3 4 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 66 68 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -60 -62 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.037 0.038 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2720 2790 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1850 1890 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1900 1940 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.4 11.7 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.7 7.9 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.9 8.1 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 92.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.4 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 93 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.06 1.09 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.09 1.12 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 2 2 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 66 67 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -61 -62 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.02 1.04 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.04 1.07 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 6 6 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 68 69 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -62 -64 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 1.09 1.11 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 1.12 1.14 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 0 0 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 31 32 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 77 78 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2830 2900 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.8 12.1 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 94 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91 %
N digestibility ruminants - 63.6 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 95 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 100 %
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 64.7 %
Absorbable P ruminants 5.6 5.7 g/kg 83 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 3.6 3.7 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.7 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 3470 3550 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 3390 3470 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 2940 3010 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 3470 3550 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 3390 3470 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 2890 2960 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 14.5 14.9 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 14.2 14.5 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 12.3 12.6 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 14.5 14.9 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 14.2 14.5 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 12.1 12.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 95 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 95 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 98.9 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 99 %
N digestibility growing pig - 95 %
N digestibility adult pig - 95 %
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 81 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 85 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 6 6.2 g/kg 90 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1890 1940 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 1890 1940 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 7.9 8.1 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 7.9 8.1 MJ/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 3320 3400 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 13.9 14.2 MJ/kg -
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 4.1 4.2 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N
Threonine 2.7 2.8 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N
Methionine 0.7 0.7 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N
Cystine 1 1 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N
Methionine + cystine 1.6 1.7 g/kg 3 g/16g N
Tryptophan 0.7 0.8 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N
Isoleucine 2.6 2.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N
Valine 2.4 2.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N
Leucine 3.7 3.8 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N
Phenylalanine 1.2 1.3 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N
Tyrosine 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 1.6 1.6 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N
Histidine 1.1 1.1 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N
Arginine 0.9 0.9 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N
Alanine 2.1 2.2 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N
Aspartic acid 4.6 4.7 g/kg 8.4 g/16g N
Glutamic acid 7.2 7.4 g/kg 13.2 g/16g N
Glycine 1 1 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N
Serine 1.8 1.9 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N
Proline 2 2 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
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