Olive pulp, oil > 10%

Byproduct of oil manufacture obtained by extraction of olive fruits (Olea europaea L.). This product does not contain pits. It has a relatively high content in residual oil and results from mechanical pressure only.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 78.5 100 % - 10.1 60.7 -92.5 15 18.2
Crude protein 9.1 11.6 % - 2.4 5.1 -14.9 15 2.7 8.2 -17.9 15
Crude fibre 16.8 21.4 % - 4 9.6 -25.5 10 4.3 15.5 -28.5 10
Crude fat 27.1 34.5 % - 6.9 20.2 -30.1 5 7.6 28.8 -47.7 5
Ash 4.6 5.8 % - 1.5 2.7 -7.4 15 1.8 3.4 -8.8 15
Insoluble ash 0.2 0.3 % -
NDF 43.2 55 % -
ADF 33.2 42.3 % -
Lignin 19.2 24.4 % -
Water insoluble cell walls 42.5 54.2 % -
Starch 0 0 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % -
Total sugars 3.4 4.3 % -
Gross energy (kcal) 4750 6060 kcal/kg -
Gross energy (MJ) 19.9 25.4 MJ/kg -
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 8.8 11.2 g/kg - 5.4 -12.7 4 6 -14.9 4
Phosphorus 1.1 1.4 g/kg - 0.8 -1.3 4 0.9 -1.6 4
Phytate phosphorus 0.6 0.8 g/kg 60 % P
Magnesium 0.6 0.8 g/kg -
Potassium 6.6 8.4 g/kg -
Sodium 0.08 0.1 g/kg -
Chlorine 3.1 4 g/kg -
Electrolyte balance 84 107 mEq/kg -
Manganese 26 33 mg/kg -
Zinc 20 25 mg/kg -
Copper 20 26 mg/kg -
Cobalt 0.3 0.4 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2
C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2
C16:0 palmitic acid 22.7 28.9 g/kg 10.5 % FA 7.9-16.5 4
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 2.3 2.9 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.3-1.8 2
C18:0 stearic acid 6.2 7.9 g/kg 2.9 % FA 2.2-3.5 4
C18:1 oleic acid 159 203 g/kg 73.6 % FA 66.4-79.6 4
C18:2 linoleic acid 24.9 31.8 g/kg 11.5 % FA 6.1-16.4 4
C18:3 linolenic acid 2.1 2.7 g/kg 1 % FA 0.7-1.6 4
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 1 1.3 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 4
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.8 1 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3-0.4 2
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1-0.2 2
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
Fatty acids 21.7 27.6 % 80 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.54 0.69 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.42 0.54 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 27 34 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 54 68 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -16 -20 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.408 0.52 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1650 2100 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 960 1220 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 740 950 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.5 9.5 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.4 5.6 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.5 4.5 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 39.1 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 41.3 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 41 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 34 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.1 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.7 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.58 0.73 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.46 0.58 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 26 33 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 53 68 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -14 -18 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.49 0.62 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.36 0.46 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 29 37 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 55 70 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -19 -24 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.54 0.68 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.41 0.53 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 30 39 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 48 61 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 28 36 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1660 2110 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 6.9 8.8 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 40.5 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 42.7 %
N digestibility ruminants - 45 % 27.1 13.4-76.5 6
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 50 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 40 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 14 % 14-31 3
Potentially degradable N (b) - 45 % 45-51 3
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.08 h-1 0.061-0.143 3
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 35 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.5 %
Absorbable P ruminants 0.7 0.9 g/kg 68 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 4.8 6.1 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.3 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.6 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 10.8 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 536 683 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 453 578 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 -7 -9 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 35 45 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 -1.8 -2.3 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 0.1 0.2 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 56.6 72.1 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.45 3.13 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.39 1.78 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.32 1.68 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.3 1.66 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.83 1.05 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 58 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 62 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3.8 4.8 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 111 141 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -3 -4 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2660 3390 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 2570 3280 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 2150 2740 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 2870 3660 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 2740 3490 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 2240 2850 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 11.1 14.2 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 10.8 13.7 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 9 11.5 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 12 15.3 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 11.5 14.6 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 9.4 11.9 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 55.9 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 60.5 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 59.3 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 65.1 %
N digestibility growing pig - 53.7 %
N digestibility adult pig - 67.9 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 76.8 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.3 0.4 g/kg 30 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.5 0.6 g/kg 45 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2690 3430 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2420 3080 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 11.3 14.4 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.1 12.9 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.3 0.3 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.3 0.3 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 62.7 %
Energy digestibility horse - 60.6 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.83 1.06 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 36 46 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 2750 3500 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 2700 3450 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 11.5 14.7 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 11.3 14.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 57.8 %
N digestibility rabbit - 29.3 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 2980 3800 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 12.5 15.9 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 62.8 %
N digestibility salmonids - 80.8 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 0.8 1 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 0.8-0.9 2
Threonine 5.7 7.2 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 5.5-6.9 2
Methionine 1.3 1.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 1.3-1.6 2
Cystine 1 1.3 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1.1-1.1 2
Methionine + cystine 2.3 3 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N
Tryptophan 0.9 1.2 g/kg 1 g/16g N
Isoleucine 5.6 7.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 6-6.2 2
Valine 6.1 7.8 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 6.7-6.7 2
Leucine 9.5 12.2 g/kg 10.5 g/16g N 10.4-10.5 2
Phenylalanine 5.2 6.7 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 5.7-5.8 2
Tyrosine 2.9 3.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 3.1-3.2 2
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 8.1 10.4 g/kg 8.9 g/16g N
Histidine 1.5 1.9 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1.6-1.7 2
Arginine 6.5 8.3 g/kg 7.1 g/16g N 7.1-7.1 2
Alanine 5.2 6.6 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 5.6-5.8 2
Aspartic acid 11.3 14.4 g/kg 12.4 g/16g N 12.1-12.6 2
Glutamic acid 11.9 15.2 g/kg 13.1 g/16g N 10.3-15.8 2
Glycine 5.6 7.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 6.1-6.1 2
Serine 6.8 8.6 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 7.3-7.5 2
Proline 1.6 2 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1.6-1.9 2
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.6 g/kg 58 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 4.3 g/kg 60 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.2 g/kg 74 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.7 g/kg 55 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.9 g/kg 66 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 61 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.9 g/kg 70 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 5.2 g/kg 66 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 8.7 g/kg 71 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.9 g/kg 74 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.6 g/kg 70 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.9 7.5 g/kg 73 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.3 g/kg 68 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 6.6 g/kg 80 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 4.2 g/kg 63 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.6 9.7 g/kg 67 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 9.1 11.6 g/kg 77 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.7 g/kg 53 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5.6 g/kg 65 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.3 g/kg 66 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.7 g/kg 67 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4.6 g/kg 63 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.3 g/kg 75 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.8 g/kg 64 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 2.1 g/kg 70 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.8 g/kg 68 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 5.1 g/kg 71 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 5.4 g/kg 69 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 8.5 g/kg 70 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.8 g/kg 72 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.4 g/kg 65 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 7.2 g/kg 70 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.3 g/kg 68 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 6 g/kg 72 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4.6 g/kg 69 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.4 9.5 g/kg 66 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 11.1 g/kg 73 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4.5 g/kg 64 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.8 g/kg 68 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.4 g/kg 70 %
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