Wheat gluten feed, type 20% starch

Byproduct of the manufacture of starch obtained from wheat grains (Triticum spp.) by wet milling. It is composed of bran and gluten, to which steeping liquor and germs may be added. This product contains about 20% starch (as fed).

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 90.9 100 % - 1.4 84 -95.3 1211 2.1
Crude protein 17.4 19.1 % - 1.2 13 -22 1355 1.3 14.1 -24.1 1250
Crude fibre 6.2 6.8 % - 0.9 4.4 -8.6 525 1 4.6 -9.6 459
Crude fat 4.2 4.6 % - 0.6 2.4 -6.1 200 0.6 2.8 -6.7 199
Ash 6.8 7.5 % - 0.8 3.7 -8.4 608 0.9 4 -9.2 508
Insoluble ash 0.3 0.3 % -
NDF 28.9 31.7 % -
ADF 8.5 9.3 % - 0.7 7.4 -9 5 8.1 -9.3 4
Lignin 2.8 3 % - 0.2 2.4 -2.9 6 0.2 2.6 -3.2 5
Water insoluble cell walls 28.2 31 % - 26.1 -28.7 2 1
Starch 18.8 20.7 % - 3 11 -31.4 1219 3.3 12.1 -36 1123
Starch, enzymatic method 18.3 20.1 % -
Total sugars 2.9 3.2 % - 1.1 1.2 -9.4 175 1.2 1.3 -7.8 173
Gross energy (kcal) 4120 4530 kcal/kg -
Gross energy (MJ) 17.2 19 MJ/kg -
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.2 0.7 -1.8 135 0.3 0.8 -2 128
Phosphorus 7.5 8.2 g/kg - 0.8 5.7 -9.9 137 0.9 6.2 -10.8 130
Phytate phosphorus 4.9 5.3 g/kg 65 % P
Magnesium 2.9 3.2 g/kg - 2.5 0.7 -11.2 13 2.7 0.8 -12.1 13
Potassium 10.7 11.7 g/kg - 3.4 2.1 -13.3 27 3.7 2.3 -14.5 18
Sodium 12.61 13.86 g/kg - 4.17 0.23 -22.6 773 4.58 0.25 -24.95 673
Chlorine 8.4 9.3 g/kg - 3.7 0.8 -25.3 876 4 0.8 -27.9 833
Sulfur 3.9 4.3 g/kg - 2.9 -5 2
Dietary cation-anion difference 339 373 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 584 642 mEq/kg -
Manganese 77 85 mg/kg - 73 -81 2 1
Zinc 57 63 mg/kg - 53 -61 2 1
Copper 8 9 mg/kg - 7 -9 2 1
Iron 110 121 mg/kg - 1
Selenium 0 0 mg/kg -
Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg -
Iodine 0 0 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.08 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4
C16:0 palmitic acid 4.8 5.3 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA
C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8
C18:1 oleic acid 4.1 4.5 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11
C18:2 linoleic acid 15.2 16.8 g/kg 56.4 % FA
C18:3 linolenic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 2.7 3 % 65 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Other parameters
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Phytase activity 10 10 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 1 1.1 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.99 1.09 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 38 42 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 89 98 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 36 40 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.209 0.23 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2690 2960 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1770 1940 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1740 1920 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.8 11.9 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7 7.7 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.8 7.5 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 80.2 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 77.8 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 88 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 66 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.2 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.02 1.13 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.02 1.12 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 33 37 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 86 94 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 40 44 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.96 1.06 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.94 1.03 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 46 51 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 96 106 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 28 31 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.97 1.07 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.95 1.04 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 39 43 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 113 124 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 93 102 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2660 2920 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.1 12.2 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 81.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 79.2 %
N digestibility ruminants - 72.7 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 %
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 94 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 70 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 72.2 %
Absorbable P ruminants 5.1 5.6 g/kg 68 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.4 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 973 1070 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 1037 1141 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 82 91 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 39 43 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 4.3 4.7 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.7 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 66.5 73.1 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.03 3.33 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.52 1.68 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.44 1.58 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.64 1.81 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.07 1.18 Mcal/kg -
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.9 7.6 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 157 173 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 3 3 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2910 3200 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 2750 3020 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1880 2070 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 3070 3370 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 2850 3140 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1990 2190 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 12.2 13.4 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 11.5 12.7 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 7.9 8.7 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 12.8 14.1 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 11.9 13.1 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 8.3 9.2 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 70.6 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 74.5 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 73.7 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 77.5 %
N digestibility growing pig - 73.5 % 73.3-74.3 2
N digestibility adult pig - 79 %
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 68 % 1
Crude fat digestibility pig - 52.8 % 39.7-53.2 2
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2.1 2.3 g/kg 28 % 24-32 2
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3.1 3.4 g/kg 42 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2160 2380 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2110 2320 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.1 10 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.8 9.7 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 72.6 %
Energy digestibility horse - 69.9 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.81 0.89 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 127 140 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 2950 3250 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 2820 3110 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 12.4 13.6 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 11.8 13 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.8 %
N digestibility rabbit - 57.9 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 2330 2560 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 9.8 10.7 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 56.6 %
N digestibility salmonids - 84.2 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 5.4 6 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1 3.1 -7.1 33 1 3.9 -7.9 24 0.5 2-4 29
Threonine 5.8 6.3 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.5 4.6 -6.4 27 0.5 5 -7 22 0.1 3.1-3.6 27
Methionine 2.5 2.8 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.2 2 -2.7 26 0.2 2.2 -3 21 0.08 1.3-1.6 26
Cystine 3.7 4 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.4 2.8 -4.4 27 0.5 3.1 -4.8 22 0.1 1.8-2.3 27
Methionine + cystine 6.2 6.8 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.6 4.9 -7.1 25 0.6 5.5 -7.8 20 0.2 3.1-3.8 25
Tryptophan 2.2 2.4 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 0.3 1.6 -2.4 24 0.3 1.8 -2.7 20 0.2 1.1-1.6 24
Isoleucine 5.8 6.4 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.7 4.6 -6.3 12 0.8 5 -7 7 0.1 3.1-3.6 12
Valine 8.7 9.5 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1 6.7 -9.1 11 1.1 7.3 -10.1 6
Leucine 11.1 12.2 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 1.6 8.8 -12.5 11 1.8 9.7 -13.8 6 0.3 6-6.9 11
Phenylalanine 6.9 7.6 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.1 5.4 -7.7 11 1.2 5.9 -8.5 6 0.1 3.7-4.1 11
Tyrosine 4.6 5.1 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.9 3.7 -5.5 10 0.9 4.1 -6.1 5 0.2 2.6-3 10
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 11.5 12.7 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1.6 9.3 -13.2 9 10.2 -14.6 4 0.3 6.3-7 9
Histidine 4.9 5.4 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N
Arginine 10.6 11.7 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.4 8 -11.7 10 1.6 8.8 -12.9 6 0.2 5.6-6.3 10
Alanine 8.4 9.2 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.9 6.6 -8.9 12 1 7.2 -9.8 7 0.2 4.4-5 12
Aspartic acid 11.6 12.7 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 1.4 9.4 -12.6 11 1.5 10.3 -13.9 6 0.4 6.2-7.6 10
Glutamic acid 35.3 38.8 g/kg 20.3 g/16g N 4.3 26.3 -38.4 12 4.7 30.7 -42.2 7 1.5 16.6-21.2 12
Glycine 8.7 9.6 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.1 6.7 -9.2 12 1.2 7.3 -10.2 7 0.3 4.6-5.6 12
Serine 8.3 9.1 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.9 6.2 -8.5 11 0.9 7 -9.4 6
Proline 11 12.1 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 1.8 8.8 -13.2 11 1.9 9.8 -14.6 6 0.5 5.7-7 11
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 57 % 1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.2 g/kg 67 % 1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 72 % 1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 72 % 1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 4.9 g/kg 72 % 1
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 66 % 1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.5 g/kg 70 % 1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.3 g/kg 66 % 1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 8.9 g/kg 73 % 1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.9 g/kg 78 % 1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4 g/kg 78 % 1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.9 9.8 g/kg 78 % 1
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4 g/kg 73 % 1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 8.5 9.3 g/kg 80 % 1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.7 g/kg 62 % 1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 8.5 g/kg 67 % 1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 29.1 32 g/kg 83 % 1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.1 g/kg 63 % 1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.6 g/kg 72 % 1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.2 g/kg 76 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.5 g/kg 75 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 72 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 81 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.8 g/kg 69 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5 g/kg 74 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 75 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 4.9 g/kg 78 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.3 g/kg 76 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.4 g/kg 78 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6 g/kg 79 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 3.8 g/kg 75 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.9 9.8 g/kg 77 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.1 g/kg 75 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.3 g/kg 79 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7 g/kg 76 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.3 g/kg 73 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28.3 31.1 g/kg 80 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.3 6.9 g/kg 72 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 6.8 g/kg 75 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.3 g/kg 77 %
Origin France, ex factory
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 7.6 8.35 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 1.78 1.95 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 462 509 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.007 0.0077 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 30.18 33.19 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0002 0.0002 m²yr/kg -
CSVXLSXXML