Byproduct of the manufacture of starch obtained from wheat grains (Triticum spp.) by wet milling. It is composed of bran and gluten, to which steeping liquor and germs may be added. This product contains about 30% starch (as fed).
Values
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry matter | 88.5 | 100 | % | - | 1.7 | 85.3 -92.2 | 1124 | 1.5 | ||||||
Crude protein | 14.8 | 16.7 | % | - | 0.7 | 13 -17.9 | 1357 | 0.7 | 14.7 -19.3 | 1131 | ||||
Crude fibre | 5.7 | 6.4 | % | - | 0.5 | 4.2 -7.8 | 912 | 0.6 | 4.8 -8.3 | 760 | ||||
Crude fat | 2.5 | 2.9 | % | - | 0.3 | 1.4 -3.7 | 260 | 0.4 | 1.8 -4.1 | 220 | ||||
Ash | 3.7 | 4.1 | % | - | 0.3 | 3.1 -5 | 653 | 0.3 | 3.4 -5.5 | 515 | ||||
Insoluble ash | 0.3 | 0.3 | % | - | 0.2 -0.3 | 2 | 0.2 -0.3 | 2 | ||||||
NDF | 27.6 | 31.2 | % | - | 2.4 | 24 -36.7 | 92 | 2.7 | 27.5 -41.1 | 78 | ||||
ADF | 8 | 9.1 | % | - | 0.8 | 6.5 -10.5 | 92 | 0.9 | 7.4 -12 | 78 | ||||
Lignin | 2.6 | 3 | % | - | 0.5 | 1.9 -4.1 | 70 | 0.5 | 2.1 -4.6 | 57 | ||||
Water insoluble cell walls | 27 | 30.5 | % | - | 1.2 | 24.1 -28.3 | 15 | 1.4 | 27.4 -32.2 | 15 | ||||
Starch | 29.7 | 33.5 | % | - | 2.4 | 18.9 -36.4 | 1294 | 2.7 | 20.9 -41.4 | 1067 | ||||
Total sugars | 8.4 | 9.5 | % | - | 1 | 4.6 -10.8 | 102 | 1.2 | 5.2 -11.4 | 64 | ||||
Gross energy (kcal) | 4030 | 4550 | kcal/kg | - | 3880 -4080 | 3 | 4480 -4560 | 4 | ||||||
Gross energy (MJ) | 16.9 | 19 | MJ/kg | - | 16.2 -17.1 | 3 | 18.8 -19.1 | 4 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calcium | 1.2 | 1.4 | g/kg | - | 0.3 | 0.6 -2.1 | 171 | 0.3 | 0.7 -2.4 | 126 | ||||
Phosphorus | 7 | 7.9 | g/kg | - | 0.8 | 5.3 -9.4 | 201 | 0.9 | 6.1 -10.6 | 138 | ||||
Phytate phosphorus | 4.5 | 5.1 | g/kg | 65 | % P | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Magnesium | 2.1 | 2.4 | g/kg | - | 1.8 -2.5 | 3 | ||||||||
Potassium | 10.2 | 11.6 | g/kg | - | 1.2 | 8.8 -12 | 8 | |||||||
Sodium | 0.86 | 0.97 | g/kg | - | 0.44 | 0.25 -2.1 | 53 | 0.49 | 0.28 -1.82 | 16 | ||||
Chlorine | 1.4 | 1.6 | g/kg | - | 0.5 | 0.2 -1.9 | 8 | |||||||
Sulfur | 2.2 | 2.5 | g/kg | - | 1 | |||||||||
Dietary cation-anion difference | 121 | 137 | mEq/kg | - | ||||||||||
Electrolyte balance | 259 | 293 | mEq/kg | - | ||||||||||
Manganese | 56 | 63 | mg/kg | - | 47 -65 | 2 | ||||||||
Zinc | 42 | 48 | mg/kg | - | 38 -47 | 2 | ||||||||
Copper | 7 | 8 | mg/kg | - | 6 -8 | 2 | ||||||||
Iron | 69 | 77 | mg/kg | - | 55 -82 | 2 | ||||||||
Selenium | 0 | 0 | mg/kg | - | 1 | |||||||||
Cobalt | 0 | 0 | mg/kg | - | 1 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C14:0 myristic acid | 0.02 | 0.02 | g/kg | 0.1 | % FA | |||||||||
C16:0 palmitic acid | 2.9 | 3.3 | g/kg | 17.8 | % FA | |||||||||
C16:1 palmitoleic acid | 0.07 | 0.07 | g/kg | 0.4 | % FA | |||||||||
C18:0 stearic acid | 0.1 | 0.1 | g/kg | 0.8 | % FA | |||||||||
C18:1 oleic acid | 2.5 | 2.8 | g/kg | 15.2 | % FA | |||||||||
C18:2 linoleic acid | 9.3 | 10.6 | g/kg | 56.4 | % FA | |||||||||
C18:3 linolenic acid | 1 | 1.1 | g/kg | 5.9 | % FA | |||||||||
C20:1 eicosenoic acid | 0.2 | 0.2 | g/kg | 1.3 | % FA | |||||||||
Fatty acids | 1.7 | 1.9 | g/kg | 65 | % fat |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phytase activity | 10 | 10 | IU/kg | - | 10 -10 | 2 | 1 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE growing pig (kcal) | 2890 | 3270 | kcal/kg | - | 290 | 2650 -3320 | 5 | |||||||
ME growing pig (kcal) | 2760 | 3120 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE growing pig (kcal) | 1970 | 2230 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE adult pig (kcal) | 3040 | 3440 | kcal/kg | - | 1 | |||||||||
ME adult pig (kcal) | 2880 | 3250 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE adult pig (kcal) | 2070 | 2340 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE growing pig (MJ) | 12.1 | 13.7 | MJ/kg | - | 1.2 | 11.1 -13.9 | 5 | |||||||
ME growing pig (MJ) | 11.6 | 13.1 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE growing pig (MJ) | 8.2 | 9.3 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE adult pig (MJ) | 12.7 | 14.4 | MJ/kg | - | 1 | |||||||||
ME adult pig (MJ) | 12 | 13.6 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE adult pig (MJ) | 8.7 | 9.8 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility growing pig | - | 71.8 | % | 6.4 | 58.5-72.9 | 5 | ||||||||
Energy digestibility adult pig | - | 75.6 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
OM digestibility growing pig | - | 74.9 | % | |||||||||||
OM digestibility adult pig | - | 79 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
N digestibility growing pig | - | 74.4 | % | |||||||||||
N digestibility adult pig | - | 80.6 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
N digestibility ileal standardised pig | - | 68 | % | |||||||||||
Crude fat digestibility pig | - | 36 | % | 10-61.1 | 4 | |||||||||
Digestible P pig (no phytase) | 2 | 2.2 | g/kg | 28 | % | 1 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMEn cockerel (kcal) | 2210 | 2500 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
AMEn broiler (kcal) | 2160 | 2440 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
AMEn cockerel (MJ) | 9.3 | 10.5 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
AMEn broiler (MJ) | 9.1 | 10.2 | MJ/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OM digestibility horse | - | 77 | % | |||||||||||
Energy digestibility horse | - | 74.1 | % | |||||||||||
Horse Forage Unit | 0.91 | 1.02 | per kg | - | ||||||||||
Digestible crude protein horse | 107 | 121 | g/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE rabbit (kcal) | 2970 | 3350 | kcal/kg | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
ME rabbit (kcal) | 2850 | 3220 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE rabbit (MJ) | 12.4 | 14 | MJ/kg | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
ME rabbit (MJ) | 11.9 | 13.5 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility rabbit | - | 73.7 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
N digestibility rabbit | - | 61.9 | % | 1 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lysine | 4.9 | 5.5 | g/kg | 3.3 | g/16g N | 0.6 | 3.6 -5.9 | 19 | 0.7 | 4 -6.7 | 14 | 0.3 | 2.7-4 | 18 |
Threonine | 4.9 | 5.6 | g/kg | 3.3 | g/16g N | 0.5 | 4.4 -5.8 | 8 | 0.1 | 3.1-3.4 | 8 | |||
Methionine | 2.3 | 2.5 | g/kg | 1.5 | g/16g N | 0.2 | 2.1 -2.6 | 17 | 0.2 | 2.3 -2.9 | 13 | 0.1 | 1.4-1.7 | 17 |
Cystine | 3.1 | 3.5 | g/kg | 2.1 | g/16g N | 0.2 | 2.6 -3.3 | 14 | 0.2 | 2.9 -3.7 | 11 | 0.09 | 1.9-2.2 | 14 |
Methionine + cystine | 5.3 | 6 | g/kg | 3.6 | g/16g N | 0.3 | 4.8 -5.9 | 14 | 0.4 | 5.3 -6.7 | 11 | 0.2 | 3.3-3.9 | 14 |
Tryptophan | 1.9 | 2.1 | g/kg | 1.3 | g/16g N | 0.5 | 1.6 -2.7 | 6 | 0.2 | 1.1-1.6 | 6 | |||
Isoleucine | 5 | 5.6 | g/kg | 3.3 | g/16g N | 0.4 | 4.4 -5.6 | 7 | ||||||
Valine | 7.4 | 8.4 | g/kg | 5 | g/16g N | 0.7 | 6.3 -8.1 | 7 | ||||||
Leucine | 9.4 | 10.7 | g/kg | 6.4 | g/16g N | 0.9 | 8.1 -10.9 | 7 | 0.1 | 6-6.4 | 7 | |||
Phenylalanine | 5.9 | 6.6 | g/kg | 4 | g/16g N | 0.6 | 5.1 -6.8 | 7 | 0.1 | 3.8-4.1 | 7 | |||
Tyrosine | 3.9 | 4.5 | g/kg | 2.7 | g/16g N | 0.5 | 3.5 -4.7 | 6 | 0.2 | 2.4-2.8 | 6 | |||
Phenylalanine + tyrosine | 5.3 | 6 | g/kg | 3.6 | g/16g N | |||||||||
Histidine | 4.2 | 4.8 | g/kg | 2.8 | g/16g N | |||||||||
Arginine | 9.1 | 10.3 | g/kg | 6.1 | g/16g N | 1.1 | 6.4 -10.3 | 8 | 0.4 | 4.8-6.3 | 8 | |||
Alanine | 7.1 | 8.1 | g/kg | 4.8 | g/16g N | 0.7 | 6.3 -8.4 | 8 | ||||||
Aspartic acid | 9.9 | 11.2 | g/kg | 6.7 | g/16g N | 0.9 | 9 -11.3 | 8 | 0.3 | 6.1-6.9 | 8 | |||
Glutamic acid | 30.1 | 34 | g/kg | 20.3 | g/16g N | 2.6 | 24.5 -32.5 | 7 | ||||||
Glycine | 7.4 | 8.4 | g/kg | 5 | g/16g N | 0.6 | 6.4 -8 | 8 | ||||||
Serine | 7.1 | 8 | g/kg | 4.8 | g/16g N | 0.5 | 5.8 -7.3 | 8 | ||||||
Proline | 9.4 | 10.6 | g/kg | 6.3 | g/16g N | 0.3 | 6.3-7.2 | 6 |