Wheat gluten feed, type 30% starch

Byproduct of the manufacture of starch obtained from wheat grains (Triticum spp.) by wet milling. It is composed of bran and gluten, to which steeping liquor and germs may be added. This product contains about 30% starch (as fed).

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 88.5 100 % - 1.7 85.3 -92.2 1124 1.5
Crude protein 14.8 16.7 % - 0.7 13 -17.9 1357 0.7 14.7 -19.3 1131
Crude fibre 5.7 6.4 % - 0.5 4.2 -7.8 912 0.6 4.8 -8.3 760
Crude fat 2.5 2.9 % - 0.3 1.4 -3.7 260 0.4 1.8 -4.1 220
Ash 3.7 4.1 % - 0.3 3.1 -5 653 0.3 3.4 -5.5 515
Insoluble ash 0.3 0.3 % - 0.2 -0.3 2 0.2 -0.3 2
NDF 27.6 31.2 % - 2.4 24 -36.7 92 2.7 27.5 -41.1 78
ADF 8 9.1 % - 0.8 6.5 -10.5 92 0.9 7.4 -12 78
Lignin 2.6 3 % - 0.5 1.9 -4.1 70 0.5 2.1 -4.6 57
Water insoluble cell walls 27 30.5 % - 1.2 24.1 -28.3 15 1.4 27.4 -32.2 15
Starch 29.7 33.5 % - 2.4 18.9 -36.4 1294 2.7 20.9 -41.4 1067
Total sugars 8.4 9.5 % - 1 4.6 -10.8 102 1.2 5.2 -11.4 64
Gross energy (kcal) 4030 4550 kcal/kg - 3880 -4080 3 4480 -4560 4
Gross energy (MJ) 16.9 19 MJ/kg - 16.2 -17.1 3 18.8 -19.1 4
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 1.2 1.4 g/kg - 0.3 0.6 -2.1 171 0.3 0.7 -2.4 126
Phosphorus 7 7.9 g/kg - 0.8 5.3 -9.4 201 0.9 6.1 -10.6 138
Phytate phosphorus 4.5 5.1 g/kg 65 % P 1 1 1
Magnesium 2.1 2.4 g/kg - 1.8 -2.5 3
Potassium 10.2 11.6 g/kg - 1.2 8.8 -12 8
Sodium 0.86 0.97 g/kg - 0.44 0.25 -2.1 53 0.49 0.28 -1.82 16
Chlorine 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 0.5 0.2 -1.9 8
Sulfur 2.2 2.5 g/kg - 1
Dietary cation-anion difference 121 137 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 259 293 mEq/kg -
Manganese 56 63 mg/kg - 47 -65 2
Zinc 42 48 mg/kg - 38 -47 2
Copper 7 8 mg/kg - 6 -8 2
Iron 69 77 mg/kg - 55 -82 2
Selenium 0 0 mg/kg - 1
Cobalt 0 0 mg/kg - 1
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C14:0 myristic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA
C16:0 palmitic acid 2.9 3.3 g/kg 17.8 % FA
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.4 % FA
C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.8 % FA
C18:1 oleic acid 2.5 2.8 g/kg 15.2 % FA
C18:2 linoleic acid 9.3 10.6 g/kg 56.4 % FA
C18:3 linolenic acid 1 1.1 g/kg 5.9 % FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA
Fatty acids 1.7 1.9 g/kg 65 % fat
Other parameters
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Phytase activity 10 10 IU/kg - 10 -10 2 1
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.96 1.09 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.95 1.07 per kg -
PDIA Systali 33 37 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 82 93 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 19 22 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.203 0.23 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2590 2930 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1700 1920 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1670 1880 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.9 12.3 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.1 8 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7 7.9 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 78.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.5 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 88 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 66 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.98 1.11 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.97 1.1 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 28 32 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 80 90 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 22 25 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.92 1.04 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.9 1.01 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 40 45 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 88 100 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 13 15 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.94 1.07 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.92 1.03 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 34 38 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 96 109 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 88 100 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2580 2920 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.8 12.2 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 80 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77.9 %
N digestibility ruminants - 70.1 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 %
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 94 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 70 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 68 %
Absorbable P ruminants 4.7 5.4 g/kg 68 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.8 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.6 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2890 3270 kcal/kg - 290 2650 -3320 5
ME growing pig (kcal) 2760 3120 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1970 2230 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 3040 3440 kcal/kg - 1
ME adult pig (kcal) 2880 3250 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 2070 2340 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 12.1 13.7 MJ/kg - 1.2 11.1 -13.9 5
ME growing pig (MJ) 11.6 13.1 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 8.2 9.3 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 12.7 14.4 MJ/kg - 1
ME adult pig (MJ) 12 13.6 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 8.7 9.8 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 71.8 % 6.4 58.5-72.9 5
Energy digestibility adult pig - 75.6 % 1
OM digestibility growing pig - 74.9 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 79 % 1
N digestibility growing pig - 74.4 %
N digestibility adult pig - 80.6 % 1
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 68 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 36 % 10-61.1 4
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.2 g/kg 28 % 1
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2210 2500 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2160 2440 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.3 10.5 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.1 10.2 MJ/kg -
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 77 %
Energy digestibility horse - 74.1 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.91 1.02 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 107 121 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 2970 3350 kcal/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (kcal) 2850 3220 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 12.4 14 MJ/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (MJ) 11.9 13.5 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 73.7 % 1
N digestibility rabbit - 61.9 % 1
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 4.9 5.5 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.6 3.6 -5.9 19 0.7 4 -6.7 14 0.3 2.7-4 18
Threonine 4.9 5.6 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.5 4.4 -5.8 8 0.1 3.1-3.4 8
Methionine 2.3 2.5 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.2 2.1 -2.6 17 0.2 2.3 -2.9 13 0.1 1.4-1.7 17
Cystine 3.1 3.5 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.2 2.6 -3.3 14 0.2 2.9 -3.7 11 0.09 1.9-2.2 14
Methionine + cystine 5.3 6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.3 4.8 -5.9 14 0.4 5.3 -6.7 11 0.2 3.3-3.9 14
Tryptophan 1.9 2.1 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.5 1.6 -2.7 6 0.2 1.1-1.6 6
Isoleucine 5 5.6 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.4 4.4 -5.6 7
Valine 7.4 8.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.7 6.3 -8.1 7
Leucine 9.4 10.7 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 0.9 8.1 -10.9 7 0.1 6-6.4 7
Phenylalanine 5.9 6.6 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.6 5.1 -6.8 7 0.1 3.8-4.1 7
Tyrosine 3.9 4.5 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.5 3.5 -4.7 6 0.2 2.4-2.8 6
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 5.3 6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Histidine 4.2 4.8 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N
Arginine 9.1 10.3 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.1 6.4 -10.3 8 0.4 4.8-6.3 8
Alanine 7.1 8.1 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.7 6.3 -8.4 8
Aspartic acid 9.9 11.2 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 0.9 9 -11.3 8 0.3 6.1-6.9 8
Glutamic acid 30.1 34 g/kg 20.3 g/16g N 2.6 24.5 -32.5 7
Glycine 7.4 8.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.6 6.4 -8 8
Serine 7.1 8 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.5 5.8 -7.3 8
Proline 9.4 10.6 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 0.3 6.3-7.2 6
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 57 % 46-58 2
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.7 g/kg 67 % 63-67 2
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 72 % 67-72 2
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.5 g/kg 72 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 72 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.4 g/kg 66 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 70 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.6 g/kg 66 % 60-67 2
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.8 g/kg 73 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5.1 g/kg 78 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 78 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.7 g/kg 78 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 73 % 71-74 2
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 7.2 8.2 g/kg 80 % 77-81 2
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 62 % 54-64 2
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 6.6 7.5 g/kg 67 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 24.8 28.1 g/kg 83 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.3 g/kg 63 % 57-64 2
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.8 g/kg 72 %
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