Wheat gluten feed, type 30% starch

Byproduct of the manufacture of starch obtained from wheat grains (Triticum spp.) by wet milling. It is composed of bran and gluten, to which steeping liquor and germs may be added. This product contains about 30% starch (as fed).

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 88.5 100 % - 1 85.3 -92.2 1269 1.6
Crude protein 14.8 16.7 % - 0.7 13 -17.9 1501 0.8 14.6 -19.3 1275
Crude fibre 5.7 6.4 % - 0.5 4.2 -7.8 993 0.6 4.8 -8.3 841
Crude fat 2.6 2.9 % - 0.4 0.8 -3.7 293 0.4 0.9 -4.1 253
Ash 3.6 4.1 % - 0.3 2.8 -5 728 0.3 3.2 -5.5 589
Insoluble ash 0.3 0.3 % - 0.2 -0.3 2 0.2 -0.3 2
NDF 27.6 31.2 % - 2.4 24 -36.7 92 2.7 27.5 -41.1 78
ADF 8 9.1 % - 0.8 6.5 -10.5 92 0.9 7.4 -12 78
Lignin 2.6 3 % - 0.5 1.9 -4.1 70 0.5 2.1 -4.6 57
Water insoluble cell walls 27 30.5 % - 1.2 24.1 -28.3 15 1.4 27.4 -32.2 15
Starch 29.9 33.8 % - 2.4 18.9 -36.4 1423 2.7 20.9 -41.4 1196
Starch, enzymatic method 29 32.7 % - 1
Total sugars 8.3 9.4 % - 1 4.6 -10.8 116 1.1 5.2 -11.4 78
Gross energy (kcal) 4030 4550 kcal/kg - 3880 -4080 3 4480 -4560 4
Gross energy (MJ) 16.9 19.1 MJ/kg - 16.2 -17.1 3 18.8 -19.1 4
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 1.2 1.4 g/kg - 0.3 0.6 -2.1 171 0.3 0.7 -2.4 126
Phosphorus 7 7.9 g/kg - 0.8 5.3 -9.4 201 0.9 6.1 -10.6 138
Phytate phosphorus 4.5 5.1 g/kg 65 % P 1 1 1
Magnesium 2.1 2.4 g/kg - 1.8 -2.5 3
Potassium 10.2 11.6 g/kg - 1.2 8.8 -12 8
Sodium 0.95 1.07 g/kg - 0.56 0.25 -2.3 61 0.64 0.28 -2.63 24
Chlorine 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 0.5 0.2 -1.9 8
Sulfur 2.2 2.5 g/kg - 1
Dietary cation-anion difference 126 142 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 263 297 mEq/kg -
Manganese 56 63 mg/kg - 47 -65 2
Zinc 42 48 mg/kg - 38 -47 2
Copper 7 8 mg/kg - 6 -8 2
Iron 69 77 mg/kg - 55 -82 2
Selenium 0 0 mg/kg - 1
Cobalt 0 0 mg/kg - 1
Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.08 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4
C16:0 palmitic acid 3 3.4 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 0.4 % FA
C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8
C18:1 oleic acid 2.5 2.9 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11
C18:2 linoleic acid 9.5 10.7 g/kg 56.4 % FA
C18:3 linolenic acid 1 1.1 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.03 0.04 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.5 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 1.7 1.9 % 65 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Other parameters
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Phytase activity 10 10 IU/kg - 10 -10 2 1
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 1 1.13 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.99 1.12 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 33 37 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 83 94 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 18 20 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.203 0.23 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2680 3030 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1760 1990 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1750 1980 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.9 12.3 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.1 8 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7 7.9 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 80.8 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 78.8 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 88 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 66 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.02 1.16 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.02 1.15 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 28 32 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 81 91 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 20 23 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.96 1.09 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.95 1.07 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 39 45 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 89 101 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 11 13 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.98 1.1 per kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.94 1.07 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.92 1.03 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.96 1.08 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 33 38 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 96 108 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 90 101 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2660 3000 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.1 12.6 MJ/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.8 12.2 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 82.2 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 80.1 %
N digestibility ruminants - 71.3 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 %
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 94 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 70 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 68.2 %
Absorbable P ruminants 4.7 5.4 g/kg 68 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.8 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.6 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 977 1104 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 1048 1185 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 80 91 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 16 18 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 4.6 5.2 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 67 75.7 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.01 3.4 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.51 1.71 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.43 1.61 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.64 1.85 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.08 1.22 Mcal/kg -
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.9 7.8 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 151 171 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -0.5 -0.6 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2890 3270 kcal/kg - 290 2650 -3320 5
ME growing pig (kcal) 2770 3120 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1970 2230 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 3050 3440 kcal/kg - 1
ME adult pig (kcal) 2880 3250 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 2070 2340 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 12.1 13.7 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 11.6 13.1 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 8.3 9.3 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 12.7 14.4 MJ/kg - 1
ME adult pig (MJ) 12.1 13.6 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 8.7 9.8 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 71.8 % 6.4 58.5-72.9 5
Energy digestibility adult pig - 75.6 % 1
OM digestibility growing pig - 74.9 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 78.5 % 1
N digestibility growing pig - 74.4 %
N digestibility adult pig - 80.6 % 1
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 68 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 36.6 % 10-61.1 4
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.2 g/kg 28 % 1
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.9 3.3 g/kg 42 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2220 2500 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2160 2450 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.3 10.5 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.1 10.2 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 1.7 2 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 1.7 2 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 77 %
Energy digestibility horse - 74.1 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.91 1.03 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 107 120 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 2970 3360 kcal/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (kcal) 2850 3220 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 12.4 14 MJ/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (MJ) 11.9 13.5 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 73.7 % 1
N digestibility rabbit - 61.9 % 1
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 2200 2490 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 9.2 10.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 54.6 %
N digestibility salmonids - 83.4 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 4.9 5.5 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.6 3.6 -5.9 19 0.7 4 -6.7 14 0.3 2.7-4 18
Threonine 4.9 5.6 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.5 4.4 -5.8 8 0.1 3.1-3.4 8
Methionine 2.3 2.5 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.2 2.1 -2.6 17 0.2 2.3 -2.9 13 0.1 1.4-1.7 17
Cystine 3.1 3.5 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.2 2.6 -3.3 14 0.2 2.9 -3.7 11 0.09 1.9-2.2 14
Methionine + cystine 5.3 6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.3 4.8 -5.9 14 0.4 5.3 -6.7 11 0.2 3.3-3.9 14
Tryptophan 1.9 2.1 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.5 1.6 -2.7 6 0.2 1.1-1.6 6
Isoleucine 4.9 5.6 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.4 4.4 -5.6 7
Valine 7.4 8.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.7 6.3 -8.1 7
Leucine 9.4 10.7 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 0.9 8.1 -10.9 7 0.1 6-6.4 7
Phenylalanine 5.9 6.6 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.6 5.1 -6.8 7 0.1 3.8-4.1 7
Tyrosine 3.9 4.5 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.5 3.5 -4.7 6 0.2 2.4-2.8 6
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 9.8 11.1 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 0.9 9 -11.5 6 0.2 6.3-6.8 6
Histidine 4.2 4.7 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N
Arginine 9.1 10.2 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.1 6.4 -10.3 8 0.4 4.8-6.3 8
Alanine 7.1 8.1 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.7 6.3 -8.4 8
Aspartic acid 9.9 11.1 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 0.9 9 -11.3 8 0.3 6.1-6.9 8
Glutamic acid 30 33.9 g/kg 20.3 g/16g N 2.6 24.5 -32.5 7
Glycine 7.4 8.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.6 6.4 -8 8
Serine 7.1 8 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.5 5.8 -7.3 8
Proline 9.4 10.6 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 0.3 6.3-7.2 6
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 57 % 46-58 2
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.7 g/kg 67 % 63-67 2
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 72 % 67-72 2
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.5 g/kg 72 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 72 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.4 g/kg 66 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 70 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.5 g/kg 66 % 60-67 2
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.8 g/kg 73 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5.1 g/kg 78 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 78 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.6 8.6 g/kg 78 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 73 % 71-74 2
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 7.2 8.2 g/kg 80 % 77-81 2
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 62 % 54-64 2
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 6.6 7.5 g/kg 67 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 24.8 28 g/kg 83 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.3 g/kg 63 % 57-64 2
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.8 g/kg 72 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 7.2 8.1 g/kg 76 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.1 g/kg 76 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4 g/kg 72 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2.1 g/kg 81 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 70 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.5 g/kg 74 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 75 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.3 g/kg 78 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.4 g/kg 76 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.3 8.3 g/kg 78 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.2 g/kg 79 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.4 g/kg 75 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.6 g/kg 77 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 76 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 8.1 g/kg 79 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.1 g/kg 76 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 8.1 g/kg 73 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 24.1 27.2 g/kg 80 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.1 g/kg 72 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6 g/kg 75 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 8.1 g/kg 77 %
Origin France, ex factory
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 7.6 8.58 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 1.78 2.01 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 462 522 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.007 0.0079 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 30.18 34.1 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0002 0.0002 m²yr/kg -
CSVXLSXXML