Vinasse, from yeast production, protein 30 %

Humid byproduct of the production of bakery yeast from molasses. It should contain about 30% of crude protein (as fed, calculated as nitrogen x 6.25). It has been partly depotassified by action of ammonium sulfate.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 62.4 100 % - 4.4 56.4 -73.5 136 9.9
Crude protein 30.7 49.2 % - 6.4 20.2 -36 133 9.7 34.1 -76.4 115
Crude fibre 0 0 % -
Crude fat 0.9 1.4 % - 0.4 -1.5 4 0.6 -2.3 4
Ash 8.8 14.1 % - 3.5 4.5 -23.6 66 5.5 6.4 -35.8 68
Insoluble ash 0.01 0.01 % -
NDF 0 0 % -
ADF 0 0 % -
Lignin 0 0 % -
Water insoluble cell walls 0 0 % -
Starch 0 0 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % -
Total sugars 1.9 3 % - 1 1
Gross energy (kcal) 2620 4210 kcal/kg - 4180 -4380 2
Gross energy (MJ) 11 17.6 MJ/kg - 17.5 -18.3 2
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 2.2 3.5 g/kg - 1.2 -3.8 3 1.8 -5.2 3
Phosphorus 1.4 2.2 g/kg - 0.9 -2.5 4 1.2 -3.4 4
Phytate phosphorus 0.1 0.2 g/kg 10 % P
Magnesium 0.4 0.7 g/kg - 0.3 -0.5 2 0.5 -0.8 2
Potassium 36.4 58.4 g/kg - 18.1 2.8 -77.6 105 28.8 4 -117 104
Sodium 12.23 19.61 g/kg - 2.03 10.39 -17.84 12 2.96 16 -25 12
Chlorine 15.9 25.5 g/kg - 25 -26 2
Sulfur 9.6 15.4 g/kg -
Dietary cation-anion difference 418 671 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 1018 1632 mEq/kg -
Manganese 20 32 mg/kg -
Zinc 86 138 mg/kg -
Copper 8 13 mg/kg -
Iron 160 256 mg/kg -
Selenium 0 0 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.3 0.5 g/kg 4.5 % FA 1
C14:0 myristic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 3 % FA 1
C16:0 palmitic acid 3.1 5 g/kg 44.2 % FA 1
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 1.2 1.9 g/kg 16.9 % FA 1
C18:0 stearic acid 1 1.6 g/kg 13.9 % FA 1
C18:1 oleic acid 0.5 0.8 g/kg 7.3 % FA 1
C18:2 linoleic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 2.9 % FA 1
C18:3 linolenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 0.7 1.1 % 80 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.54 0.87 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.51 0.82 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 8 13 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 42 68 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 224 360 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.024 0.038 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1510 2410 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 960 1540 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 910 1450 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.3 10.1 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4 6.4 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.8 6.1 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 74.6 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 93 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.8 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.2 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.7 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.56 0.89 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.53 0.85 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 5 8 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 40 64 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 231 371 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.52 0.83 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.48 0.77 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 13 21 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 47 75 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 212 340 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.54 0.87 per kg - 0.51 -0.57 2 0.77 -0.87 2
UFV INRA 2007 0.51 0.82 per kg - 0.47 -0.52 2
PDIA INRA 2007 0 0 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 177 283 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 38 61 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1520 2430 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 6.4 10.2 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 78 % 70.6-80.7 2
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77 % 71.5-78.3 2
N digestibility ruminants - 77.5 % 76.8-86.4 2
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 100 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 100 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 100 %
Potentially degradable N (b) - 0 %
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 60.8 %
Absorbable P ruminants 1 1.6 g/kg 73 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.2 1.9 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.7 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 540 867 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 556 892 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 28 45 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 246 394 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 2.4 3.8 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 0.8 1.3 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 49.5 79.3 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.5 4.01 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.32 2.11 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.24 1.99 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.41 2.27 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.98 1.57 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3.8 6.1 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 76 121 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 37 59 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 1970 3150 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 1800 2890 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1090 1750 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 1970 3150 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 1800 2890 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1100 1760 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 8.2 13.2 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 7.6 12.1 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 4.6 7.3 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 8.2 13.2 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 7.5 12.1 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 4.6 7.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 75 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 75 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 75 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 75 %
N digestibility growing pig - 75 %
N digestibility adult pig - 75 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 75 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.9 1.4 g/kg 65 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.3 2.1 g/kg 98 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1290 2070 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 1290 2070 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.4 8.7 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 5.4 8.7 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.3 0.5 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.3 0.5 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 75.2 %
Energy digestibility horse - 72.4 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.38 0.61 per kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 2380 3820 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 2080 3330 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 10 16 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 8.7 14 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 90.9 %
N digestibility rabbit - 83 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 1910 3060 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 8 12.8 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 72.8 %
N digestibility salmonids - 87.4 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 2.6 4.2 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1 1
Threonine 1.2 2 g/kg 0.4 g/16g N 1 1 1
Methionine 2 3.1 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 1
Cystine 0.6 0.9 g/kg 0.2 g/16g N 1 1
Methionine + cystine 2.5 4.1 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 1 1
Tryptophan 1.2 2 g/kg 0.4 g/16g N
Isoleucine 1.7 2.8 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 1 1
Valine 1.6 2.5 g/kg 0.5 g/16g N 1 1 1
Leucine 2 3.1 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 1 1
Phenylalanine 0.6 0.9 g/kg 0.2 g/16g N 1 1 1
Tyrosine 1.8 2.9 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 1 1
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 2.4 3.8 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 1 1 1
Histidine 1.1 1.7 g/kg 0.4 g/16g N 1 1 1
Arginine 1.4 2.2 g/kg 0.5 g/16g N 1 1 1
Alanine 2.6 4.2 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1 1
Aspartic acid 4.9 7.9 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 1 1
Glutamic acid 91.8 147 g/kg 29.9 g/16g N 1 1 1
Glycine 2.8 4.5 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1 1
Serine 2.3 3.7 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 1 1 1
Proline 0.9 1.5 g/kg 0.3 g/16g N 1 1
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 3.8 g/kg 91 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.7 g/kg 88 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.9 g/kg 91 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.8 g/kg 90 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 3.7 g/kg 91 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.7 g/kg 89 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 2.4 g/kg 89 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 2.2 g/kg 89 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.9 g/kg 91 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.8 g/kg 91 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 2.6 g/kg 91 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 3.5 g/kg 91 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.6 g/kg 92 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 2.1 g/kg 93 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 3.7 g/kg 89 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 7 g/kg 88 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 84.9 136 g/kg 92 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 4.1 g/kg 92 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 3.3 g/kg 90 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 1.3 g/kg 91 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 3.6 g/kg 87 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.6 g/kg 83 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2.8 g/kg 89 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.7 g/kg 78 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 3.5 g/kg 87 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.7 g/kg 86 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 2.4 g/kg 86 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 2.2 g/kg 86 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 2.8 g/kg 88 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.8 g/kg 88 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 2.6 g/kg 88 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 3.4 g/kg 88 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1.5 g/kg 86 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 2 g/kg 89 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 3.6 g/kg 86 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4 6.5 g/kg 82 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 82.6 132 g/kg 90 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 3.8 g/kg 84 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 3.1 g/kg 85 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 1.3 g/kg 86 %
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