Barley distillers grains, dried

Byproduct of alcohol (ethanol) manufacture, obtained from the distillery of barley grains (Hordeum vulgare L.), and consisting of spent grains with the soluble fraction added. Alternative spellings: barley distiller's grains, barley distillers' grains.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 91.3 100 % - 2.2 87.5 -96.8 18 3.5
Crude protein 25.7 28.2 % - 3.5 21.5 -36.5 24 3.8 21 -37.9 28
Crude fibre 10.1 11.1 % - 3.9 0.9 -15.2 17 4.3 0.9 -16.1 18
Crude fat 6.6 7.3 % - 1.7 4.4 -10.6 16 1.8 4.2 -11.7 18
Ash 4.9 5.3 % - 1.2 2.7 -6.3 16 1.3 3 -8.4 18
Insoluble ash 1 1.1 % - 0.2 0.8 -1.3 5 0.2 0.9 -1.4 5
NDF 39.2 42.9 % - 7.3 24.2 -49.3 9 7.9 26.4 -56.3 10
ADF 16.3 17.8 % - 6.1 6.3 -25.6 9 6.7 6.9 -33.9 14
Lignin 3.2 3.5 % - 1.7 0.8 -8.1 13 1.9 0.9 -9.3 17
Water insoluble cell walls 36.1 39.5 % -
Starch 2.6 2.8 % - 0.8 0.8 -3.4 14 0.8 0.9 -3.8 12
Starch, enzymatic method 2.5 2.7 % - 1.4 -3 3
Total sugars 3.2 3.5 % - 2.6 0.8 -10.2 10 2.9 0.8 -11 12
Gross energy (kcal) 4600 5040 kcal/kg - 220 4550 -4830 9 200 4420 -5210 12
Gross energy (MJ) 19.3 21.1 MJ/kg - 0.9 19 -20.2 9 0.8 18.5 -21.8 12
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 1.6 1.8 g/kg - 0.6 0.6 -1.9 7 0.7 0.7 -3.3 11
Phosphorus 7.8 8.5 g/kg - 1.8 4.8 -10.3 7 1.9 5.1 -11.1 11
Phytate phosphorus 4.7 5.1 g/kg 60 % P
Magnesium 2.8 3 g/kg - 0.6 1.5 -3.5 6 0.7 1.6 -3.8 8
Potassium 9 9.9 g/kg - 1.1 7.1 -10.9 6 1.2 7.6 -11.9 8
Sodium 1.19 1.3 g/kg - 1.06 0.37 -3.25 6 1.16 0.4 -3.5 8
Chlorine 2.9 3.2 g/kg - 0.4 2.6 -3.7 5 0.4 3 -4 5
Sulfur 3.3 3.6 g/kg - 0.3 3.3 -3.6 5 0.3 3.1 -3.9 6
Dietary cation-anion difference -6 -7 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 201 220 mEq/kg -
Manganese 32 36 mg/kg - 1 30 -36 6 1 34 -38 8
Zinc 52 57 mg/kg - 6 47 -63 6 6 48 -67 8
Copper 34 38 mg/kg - 16 6 -50 6 18 7 -54 8
Iron 205 225 mg/kg - 32 167 -256 6 35 189 -276 6
Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.2 0.09 -0.5 5 0.2 0.1 -0.5 5
Cobalt 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - 0.09 -0.09 4 0.1 -0.1 4
Molybdenum 1 2 mg/kg - 0.6 1 -2 5 0.6 1 -3 5
Iodine 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.05 0.2 -0.3 5 0.05 0.2 -0.3 5
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3-0.5 2
C16:0 palmitic acid 10.4 11.4 g/kg 21.2 % FA 2.3 7.9 -13 5 2.5 8.5 -14.4 5 2 19-26.9 13
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1
C18:0 stearic acid 0.5 0.6 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.1 0.5 -0.8 5 0.5 0.6-2.3 12
C18:1 oleic acid 6.6 7.2 g/kg 13.4 % FA 0.7 5 -7 5 0.8 5.4 -7.5 5 2.2 11.4-17.8 12
C18:2 linoleic acid 27.5 30.1 g/kg 55.9 % FA 3.8 23.2 -31.7 5 4.1 25 -34.8 5 1.2 53-57.5 12
C18:3 linolenic acid 4.3 4.7 g/kg 8.7 % FA 1 2.1 -4.4 5 1.1 2.3 -4.9 5 2.3 4.4-11.6 12
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 0.9 % FA 1
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 4.9 5.4 % 74 % fat 3 70-77 5
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.97 1.06 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.92 1 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 108 119 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 153 168 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 47 51 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.327 0.358 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2670 2920 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1700 1860 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1610 1770 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.8 11.8 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.8 7.5 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.4 7 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 70.8 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 70.5 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 50 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 84 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 48 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.7 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.99 1.09 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.95 1.04 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 99 109 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 146 160 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 55 60 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.91 0.99 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.84 0.92 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 125 137 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 168 184 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 30 32 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.93 1.02 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.87 0.96 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 126 138 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 189 207 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 164 179 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2630 2880 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11 12 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 72.2 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 71.9 %
N digestibility ruminants - 73.8 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % 1
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 48 %
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 84 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 50 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 75.3 %
Absorbable P ruminants 6.1 6.7 g/kg 78 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.6 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 933 1022 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 956 1047 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 147 161 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 47 51 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 3.6 3.9 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.6 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 66.2 72.4 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.07 3.37 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.57 1.72 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.48 1.62 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 1.83 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.1 1.2 Mcal/kg -
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.6 7.2 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 230 252 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 4 5 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2960 3240 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 2740 3000 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1760 1930 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 3130 3420 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 2850 3130 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1880 2060 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 12.4 13.5 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 11.5 12.6 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 7.4 8.1 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 13.1 14.3 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 11.9 13.1 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 7.9 8.6 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 64.2 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 67.9 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 67 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 70.9 %
N digestibility growing pig - 83.2 %
N digestibility adult pig - 87.2 %
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 82.8 % 1
Crude fat digestibility pig - 60.5 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2.3 2.6 g/kg 30 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3.5 3.8 g/kg 45 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2190 2390 kcal/kg - 610 1960 -3430 6 660 2110 -3580 6
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2140 2340 kcal/kg - 1
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.1 10 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.9 9.8 MJ/kg - 1
Available P cockerel 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 65.4 %
Energy digestibility horse - 63.1 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.75 0.82 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 190 208 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 2950 3230 kcal/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (kcal) 2740 3000 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 12.4 13.5 MJ/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (MJ) 11.5 12.5 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 64.1 % 1
N digestibility rabbit - 68.4 % 1
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 2850 3120 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 11.9 13.1 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 61.9 %
N digestibility salmonids - 85.9 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 8.2 9 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 3 3.4 -12.1 9 3.2 3.9 -13.2 10 1.2 1.4-4.8 10
Threonine 9.3 10.2 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1 6.7 -10.4 9 1 7.3 -11 10 0.2 3.1-3.9 10
Methionine 3.7 4.1 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.6 2.5 -4.6 8 0.7 2.9 -5 9 0.2 1-1.7 9
Cystine 4.5 4.9 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.5 3.5 -5 7 0.5 4 -5.3 8 0.2 1.5-2 8
Methionine + cystine 8.2 9 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.8 6.6 -9.6 7 0.8 7.5 -10.3 8 0.3 2.9-3.7 8
Tryptophan 3.5 3.8 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 1 1 1
Isoleucine 9.8 10.7 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1.2 7.2 -11.5 9 1.3 8.2 -12.2 10 0.4 2.9-4.1 10
Valine 13.5 14.7 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 2.2 9.6 -18.8 9 2.4 11 -19.9 10 0.7 3.8-6.5 10
Leucine 18.6 20.3 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N 2.8 14.3 -23.7 9 3 15.6 -25.6 10 0.7 6.4-8.8 10
Phenylalanine 12.2 13.3 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.4 10.1 -14.4 9 1.5 11.5 -15.5 10 0.5 4-5.5 10
Tyrosine 7.6 8.4 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1.3 6 -9.5 8 1.4 6.6 -11 9 0.4 2.5-3.8 9
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 19.6 21.5 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 2.4 17 -23.9 8 2.5 19.2 -25.8 9 0.7 6.8-8.8 9
Histidine 6.1 6.7 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 1.4 2.9 -8.2 9 1.6 3.3 -8.8 10 0.5 1.1-3 10
Arginine 11.9 13 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 2.4 9.5 -15.8 9 2.6 10.1 -18.1 10 0.9 3.3-6.3 10
Alanine 12.7 14 g/kg 5 g/16g N 2.3 7.8 -14.7 9 2.5 8.5 -16 10 0.9 3.6-6.2 10
Aspartic acid 15.9 17.5 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 2.2 11.2 -18.1 9 2.3 12.2 -19.5 10 0.8 4.9-7 10
Glutamic acid 50.5 55.3 g/kg 19.6 g/16g N 8.9 38.6 -60 9 9.6 42.6 -69.3 10 3.5 15.4-24.4 10
Glycine 10.6 11.6 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1.4 7.5 -12 9 1.5 8.2 -12.9 10 0.5 3.3-4.7 10
Serine 10.8 11.8 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.1 9 -12 9 1.1 9.8 -13.6 10 0.4 3.9-5 10
Proline 24 26.3 g/kg 9.3 g/16g N 1.7 22.1 -25.7 6 1.7 23.2 -28 7 0.9 8-10.7 7
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.6 g/kg 73 % 1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.6 g/kg 84 % 1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.6 g/kg 89 % 1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.2 g/kg 87 % 1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.6 g/kg 88 % 1
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 86 % 1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 9.6 g/kg 89 % 1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 11.6 12.7 g/kg 86 % 1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 16.7 18.2 g/kg 90 % 1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.3 g/kg 92 % 1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 7.8 g/kg 93 % 1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 18.2 19.9 g/kg 93 % 1
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.8 g/kg 87 % 1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 11 12.1 g/kg 93 % 1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 10.2 11.1 g/kg 80 % 1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 13.3 14.6 g/kg 83 % 1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 46.8 51.3 g/kg 93 % 1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.5 g/kg 82 % 1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 9.6 10.6 g/kg 89 % 1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 17.1 18.7 g/kg 71 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.4 g/kg 71 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.3 6.9 g/kg 68 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.2 g/kg 78 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 67 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.2 g/kg 72 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.7 g/kg 72 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.3 8 g/kg 75 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.8 10.7 g/kg 73 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.7 15 g/kg 74 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.2 10.1 g/kg 75 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 5.9 g/kg 70 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.4 15.8 g/kg 73 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.8 g/kg 72 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 9 9.9 g/kg 76 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.2 10.1 g/kg 73 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.1 g/kg 70 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 38.7 42.4 g/kg 77 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 7.9 g/kg 68 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.5 g/kg 71 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 17.6 19.3 g/kg 73 %
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