Citrus pulp, fresh

Fresh byproduct of the processing of citrus fruit (Citrus spp.) for juice production or canning. It consists principally of the pulp and can include the skin and the pips. The orange (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is the main cultivated species.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 17.5 100 % - 3.8 11.1 -24.9 19 30.9
Crude protein 1.1 6.5 % - 0.3 0.6 -1.8 16 1.3 4.1 -9.1 25
Crude fibre 2.1 12.1 % - 0.8 1.3 -4.5 9 4.1 7.4 -23.2 18
Crude fat 0.8 4.3 % - 0.4 0.08 -1.6 7 2 0.4 -8.3 15
Ash 0.8 4.4 % - 0.3 0.5 -1.2 13 1.3 3 -9.2 22
Insoluble ash 0.05 0.3 % -
NDF 3.5 19.7 % - 1.2 2.9 -7.1 8 5.6 18.4 -36.3 8
ADF 2.5 14.3 % - 1.2 0.6 -4.2 6 6.2 4 -25.3 14
Lignin 0.4 2 % - 1 1.4 1 -5.7 9
Water insoluble cell walls 2.1 11.9 % -
Starch 0.8 4.4 % - 1 1
Starch, enzymatic method 0.01 0.05 % -
Total sugars 4.5 25.8 % - 1 1
Gross energy (kcal) 770 4380 kcal/kg - 1 3520 -4700 2
Gross energy (MJ) 3.2 18.3 MJ/kg - 1 14.7 -19.7 2
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 1.4 7.8 g/kg - 0.3 0.9 -2 6 1 6.1 -9.4 7
Phosphorus 0.3 1.5 g/kg - 0.1 0.05 -0.4 5 0.6 0.3 -2 6
Phytate phosphorus 0.1 0.6 g/kg 40 % P
Magnesium 0.1 0.7 g/kg - 1 1
Potassium 0.9 5.1 g/kg - 1 1
Sodium 0.1 0.6 g/kg - 1 1
Chlorine 0.06 0.3 g/kg -
Sulfur 0.2 1.2 g/kg -
Dietary cation-anion difference 12 70 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 26 148 mEq/kg -
Manganese 1 8 mg/kg -
Zinc 2 14 mg/kg -
Copper 0.9 5 mg/kg - 1 1
Iron 14 80 mg/kg -
Cobalt 0.03 0.2 mg/kg -
Molybdenum 0.04 0.2 mg/kg -
Iodine 0.02 0.1 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.04 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.8 0.4-2.5 12
C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.2 g/kg 0.7 % FA 0.6-0.8 4
C16:0 palmitic acid 1 5.9 g/kg 22.5 % FA 2.6 18-26.4 17
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.06 0.3 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1.2 0-4.1 16
C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 1.2 g/kg 4.8 % FA 4.1 1.7-15.9 17
C18:1 oleic acid 0.7 3.9 g/kg 14.9 % FA 9.8 2.4-31.9 17
C18:2 linoleic acid 1.5 8.5 g/kg 32.8 % FA 8.4 14.6-44.7 17
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.9 5.2 g/kg 19.8 % FA 9.6 6.3-36.6 17
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.01 0.07 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.3 0-0.7 12
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0.03 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5 0-1.3 12
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.05 0.3 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.5 0-1.8 12
Fatty acids 0.5 2.6 % 60 % fat 4 56-66 5
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.21 1.19 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.21 1.21 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 4 21 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 14 82 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -12 -67 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.038 0.218 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 550 3130 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 370 2100 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 370 2130 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.3 13.3 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.6 8.9 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.6 9.1 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 82.7 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 65 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.1 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.21 1.21 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.22 1.23 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 3 18 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 14 81 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -12 -67 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.2 1.15 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.2 1.16 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 4 25 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 15 85 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -12 -70 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.2 1.16 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.2 1.15 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 4 23 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 8 46 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 17 94 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 540 3090 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 2.3 12.9 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 87.3 % 1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 84.1 %
N digestibility ruminants - 64.5 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 92 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 82 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 66 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 1
Potentially degradable N (b) - 59 % 1
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.065 h-1 1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 71 %
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 34 % 1
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 61 % 1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.095 h-1 1
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 71.2 %
Absorbable P ruminants 0.2 1.3 g/kg 91 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.3 1.6 g/kg 20 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.1 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 202 1155 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 221 1264 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 15 85 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 -13 -75 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 1.1 6.2 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 0.4 2.1 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 13.9 79.6 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 0.6 3.42 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.3 1.73 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.29 1.64 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.33 1.87 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.22 1.23 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 32 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 37 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 1.4 8.2 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 26 147 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -2 -13 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 590 3370 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 570 3240 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 380 2160 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 650 3690 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 610 3460 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 420 2370 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 2.5 14.1 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 2.4 13.6 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 1.6 9 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 2.7 15.4 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 2.5 14.5 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 1.7 9.9 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 77 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 84.2 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 80.3 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 86.9 %
N digestibility growing pig - 64.7 %
N digestibility adult pig - 93.6 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 56.8 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.08 0.4 g/kg 30 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.1 0.7 g/kg 45 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 280 1610 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 280 1570 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 1.2 6.8 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 1.2 6.6 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.06 0.4 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.06 0.4 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 71.5 %
Energy digestibility horse - 68.9 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.16 0.92 per kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 540 3070 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 530 3010 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 2.2 12.8 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 2.2 12.6 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 70.1 %
N digestibility rabbit - 63.7 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 380 2170 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 1.6 9.1 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 49.6 %
N digestibility salmonids - 74.1 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 0.4 2.2 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 0.7 1.9-4 8
Threonine 0.4 2.1 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.4 2.3-3.6 7
Methionine 0.1 0.8 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 0.1 1-1.4 7
Cystine 0.1 0.6 g/kg 1 g/16g N 0.1 0.8-1.1 5
Methionine + cystine 0.2 1.4 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N
Tryptophan 0.1 0.6 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 0.8-1 2
Isoleucine 0.4 2.1 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.6 2-4.1 8
Valine 0.5 2.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.7 2.8-4.9 7
Leucine 0.6 3.6 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 0.7 4-6.5 8
Phenylalanine 0.5 2.6 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1 2.1-5 7
Tyrosine 0.3 1.8 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.8 1.1-3.3 6
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 0.8 4.5 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N
Histidine 0.2 1.4 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.6 1-2.7 8
Arginine 0.5 3.1 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.1 2.5-5.7 7
Alanine 0.5 2.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.5 3.3-5 7
Aspartic acid 1.2 6.6 g/kg 10.1 g/16g N 1.7 7.5-11.9 7
Glutamic acid 0.9 5.3 g/kg 8.2 g/16g N 1.1 6.5-9.9 7
Glycine 0.5 2.8 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.6 3-5 7
Serine 0.5 2.7 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.9 2.6-5 6
Proline 0.9 5.4 g/kg 8.3 g/16g N 1
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.7 g/kg 79 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.6 g/kg 78 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.7 g/kg 85 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.08 0.5 g/kg 77 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 1.1 g/kg 81 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.08 0.5 g/kg 79 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.7 g/kg 82 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.2 g/kg 81 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 3 g/kg 84 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.2 g/kg 85 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.5 g/kg 83 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 3.8 g/kg 84 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 1.1 g/kg 83 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 2.8 g/kg 89 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.3 g/kg 80 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 5.4 g/kg 81 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 4.6 g/kg 87 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.1 g/kg 78 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 2.2 g/kg 81 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 4.4 g/kg 82 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.8 g/kg 80 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.6 g/kg 76 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.1 0.7 g/kg 84 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.08 0.5 g/kg 73 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 1.1 g/kg 79 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.08 0.5 g/kg 79 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.7 g/kg 81 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.2 g/kg 80 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 2.9 g/kg 82 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.2 g/kg 82 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.5 g/kg 80 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 3.6 g/kg 81 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 1.1 g/kg 79 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 2.6 g/kg 83 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.3 g/kg 80 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 5.1 g/kg 76 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 4.5 g/kg 84 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.1 g/kg 77 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 2.1 g/kg 79 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 4.3 g/kg 80 %
CSVXLSXXML