Rice hulls

Byproduct of the processing of rice grain (Oryza sativa L.), consisting mostly in outer grain envelopes.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 91.5 100 % - 2.9 84.5 -97.8 53 4.4
Crude protein 3.4 3.7 % - 1.3 1.2 -6.4 48 1.5 1.2 -6.9 51
Crude fibre 38.8 42.4 % - 6.9 24.5 -52.7 54 7.5 26.3 -59 48
Crude fat 1.5 1.6 % - 1.3 0.2 -5.1 35 1.4 0.2 -5.4 36
Ash 15.9 17.4 % - 3.9 3.8 -27.1 44 4.2 4.5 -26.5 51
Insoluble ash 14.5 15.9 % - 3.7 10.8 -22.8 15 4 11.6 -24.9 15
NDF 60.5 66.1 % - 10.4 43.3 -72.9 11 11.1 46 -80 20
ADF 44.1 48.2 % - 10.1 29.9 -60.7 11 10.9 31.6 -72 20
Lignin 14.2 15.5 % - 2.5 10.2 -17.9 6 2.7 10 -19.2 14
Water insoluble cell walls 62.8 68.6 % -
Starch 5.3 5.8 % - 4.2 0.7 -14.7 23 4.6 0.8 -16.3 16
Starch, enzymatic method 2.2 2.4 % -
Total sugars 0 0 % -
Gross energy (kcal) 3560 3890 kcal/kg - 300 3280 -3970 6 300 3520 -4320 7
Gross energy (MJ) 14.9 16.3 MJ/kg - 1.3 13.7 -16.6 6 1.3 14.7 -18.1 7
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 1.3 1.4 g/kg - 2.3 0.1 -12.2 24 2.5 0.1 -13.2 25
Phosphorus 1.5 1.6 g/kg - 1.9 0.3 -7 24 2 0.3 -7.3 25
Phytate phosphorus 1.3 1.4 g/kg 85 % P
Magnesium 1 1.1 g/kg - 1.1 0.3 -3.9 16 1.1 0.3 -4.4 16
Potassium 4.3 4.7 g/kg - 3 1.5 -13.4 17 3.3 1.7 -15.9 17
Sodium 0.16 0.18 g/kg - 0.17 0.02 -0.4 5 0.18 0.02 -0.43 5
Chlorine 0.9 1 g/kg - 1 -1 3
Sulfur 0.7 0.8 g/kg - 1 1
Dietary cation-anion difference 48 52 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 94 102 mEq/kg -
Manganese 404 442 mg/kg - 1 435 -448 2
Zinc 39 43 mg/kg - 1 1
Copper 1 2 mg/kg - 1 1
Iron 94 103 mg/kg - 52 -126 2 56 -149 2
Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 1 1
Cobalt 0.04 0.04 mg/kg - 1 1
Molybdenum 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 1 1
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4
C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 8
C16:0 palmitic acid 1.9 2.1 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6
C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.5 0.9-3.7 40
C18:1 oleic acid 4.1 4.5 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40
C18:2 linoleic acid 3.7 4 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.5 1-3.7 40
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 7
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
Fatty acids 1 1.1 % 70 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin E 61.1 66.7 mg/kg - 1
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.26 0.29 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.17 0.18 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 9 10 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 43 46 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -48 -52 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.247 0.27 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 840 920 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 460 510 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 300 320 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.7 4.1 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.1 2.2 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.3 1.5 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 35.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 29.5 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 52 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 64 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.7 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.7 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.28 0.31 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.19 0.21 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 8 9 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 43 47 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -48 -52 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.23 0.25 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.14 0.15 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 10 11 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 44 48 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -50 -54 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.27 0.3 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.18 0.2 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 11 12 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 19 21 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 29 32 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 880 970 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 3.7 4 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 37 % 1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 30.9 %
N digestibility ruminants - 0 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 55 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 57 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 49 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 11 % 1
Potentially degradable N (b) - 76 % 1
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.06 h-1 1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 %
Immediately degradable starch (a) - 19 %
Potentially degradable starch (b) - 81 %
Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.12 h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 66 %
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 48 %
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 35 %
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 60.6 %
Absorbable P ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 64 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.8 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 274 299 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 196 214 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 -10 -11 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 -21 -23 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 0.3 0.4 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.5 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 31.2 34.1 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 1.35 1.47 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.41 0.45 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.38 0.41 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.32 0.35 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 48 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 55 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 1.9 2.1 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 49 54 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -2 -3 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 1170 1270 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 1090 1190 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 560 610 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 1560 1700 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 1400 1530 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 750 820 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 4.9 5.3 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 4.5 5 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 2.3 2.5 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 6.5 7.1 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 5.9 6.4 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 3.1 3.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 32.7 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 43.7 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 38.3 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 48.6 %
N digestibility growing pig - 0 %
N digestibility adult pig - 68.5 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.2 0.2 g/kg 12 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.3 0.3 g/kg 18 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 500 550 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 490 530 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 2.1 2.3 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 2 2.2 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 49 %
Energy digestibility horse - 47.5 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.52 0.57 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 0 0 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 770 840 kcal/kg - 1
ME rabbit (kcal) 750 810 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 3.2 3.5 MJ/kg - 1
ME rabbit (MJ) 3.1 3.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 21.6 %
N digestibility rabbit - 54.3 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 1630 1780 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 6.8 7.5 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 45.8 %
N digestibility salmonids - 62.6 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 0.7 0.8 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N
Threonine 1 1.1 g/kg 3 g/16g N
Methionine 1 1.1 g/kg 3 g/16g N
Cystine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N
Methionine + cystine 1.7 1.8 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N
Tryptophan 2 2.2 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N
Isoleucine 1.9 2.1 g/kg 5.6 g/16g N
Valine 2.4 2.6 g/kg 7 g/16g N
Leucine 3.3 3.7 g/kg 9.8 g/16g N
Phenylalanine 2.1 2.3 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N
Tyrosine 2.1 2.2 g/kg 6 g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 4.2 4.5 g/kg 12.2 g/16g N
Histidine 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1 g/16g N
Arginine 1.8 2 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N
Alanine 1.5 1.7 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N
Aspartic acid 3.3 3.6 g/kg 9.5 g/16g N
Glutamic acid 8 8.7 g/kg 23.3 g/16g N
Glycine 1 1.1 g/kg 3 g/16g N
Serine 1.6 1.8 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N
Proline 1.9 2.1 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.4 g/kg 51 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.6 g/kg 55 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 71 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.3 g/kg 48 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 62 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 56 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.4 g/kg 66 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 62 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.5 g/kg 67 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 71 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 66 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 68 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.2 g/kg 64 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 77 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 1 g/kg 58 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.2 g/kg 63 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.4 g/kg 73 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 45 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 60 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.3 g/kg 61 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 63 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 59 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 72 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 61 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 68 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 64 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 68 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.7 g/kg 65 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 66 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 69 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 61 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 2.9 g/kg 65 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.2 g/kg 64 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 69 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 65 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 63 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6 g/kg 69 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 59 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 64 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 66 %
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