Linseed meal, oil > 5%

Byproduct of oil manufacture obtained by extraction of linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.). This product has a high content in residual oil and results from mechanical pressure only. Other names: linseed cake, linseed oil cake, linseed oilcake, flaxseed meal, flaxseed oil meal, flaxseed oilmeal.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 91.2 100 % - 1.8 83.7 -97 415 2.7
Crude protein 32.3 35.4 % - 2.2 25.8 -41.7 504 2.3 27.5 -43.8 410
Crude fibre 8.8 9.7 % - 1.5 6 -15.7 419 1.6 6.9 -17.1 346
Crude fat 9.8 10.7 % - 2 5 -17.9 341 2.2 5.7 -20.1 326
Ash 5.7 6.3 % - 0.6 3.6 -8 390 0.7 4.2 -10.2 382
Insoluble ash 0.5 0.5 % - 0.6 0.08 -2 9 0.7 0.09 -2.2 9
NDF 21.6 23.7 % - 6.2 14.9 -40.5 44 6.8 16.9 -41.8 54
ADF 13.6 15 % - 1.5 8.7 -16.7 48 1.6 9.7 -18.5 52
Lignin 5.7 6.2 % - 0.8 2.8 -7.2 64 0.9 3.1 -8 66
Water insoluble cell walls 20.8 22.8 % -
Starch 6.6 7.2 % - 2.1 2.5 -11.2 62 2.3 1.8 -12.7 63
Starch, enzymatic method 1.3 1.4 % - 1.2 0 -2 3 1.3 0 -2.7 5
Total sugars 3.9 4.3 % - 0.4 3.2 -5.7 51 0.5 3.6 -6.6 52
Gross energy (kcal) 4550 4990 kcal/kg - 390 4180 -5160 17 410 4460 -5850 23
Gross energy (MJ) 19 20.9 MJ/kg - 1.6 17.5 -21.6 17 1.7 18.6 -24.5 23
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 3.9 4.3 g/kg - 0.8 1.4 -6.6 156 0.9 1.5 -7.2 157
Phosphorus 8.5 9.3 g/kg - 1.8 5.6 -16.8 160 1.9 6 -18.5 162
Phytate phosphorus 5.5 6.1 g/kg 65 % P 1 1 1
Magnesium 4.8 5.2 g/kg - 0.6 3.7 -5.6 12 0.6 3.9 -6.4 13
Potassium 10.3 11.3 g/kg - 1.6 6.9 -13.2 12 1.7 7.4 -15 12
Sodium 0.63 0.69 g/kg - 0.12 0.47 -0.83 16 0.13 0.5 -0.91 16
Chlorine 0.3 0.4 g/kg - 0.2 0.2 -0.5 5 0.2 0.2 -0.6 5
Sulfur 3.5 3.9 g/kg - 0.5 2.6 -4 7 0.5 2.8 -4.5 7
Dietary cation-anion difference 62 68 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 282 309 mEq/kg -
Manganese 35 39 mg/kg - 5 31 -50 11
Zinc 60 66 mg/kg - 7 43 -71 10 8 46 -78 11
Copper 17 18 mg/kg - 2 12 -20 10 2 13 -22 10
Iron 149 164 mg/kg - 76 56 -167 9 83 60 -366 9
Selenium 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - 0.3 0 -0.7 7 0.3 0.1 -0.8 6
Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 0.1 0.2 -0.5 7 0.1 0.2 -0.6 7
Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - 0.4 0.9 -2 5 0.4 1 -2 5
Iodine 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 0.2 0 -0.5 6 0.2 0.2 -0.6 5
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0 6
C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.03 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 8
C16:0 palmitic acid 4.9 5.4 g/kg 5.6 % FA 0.8 4.2-7.7 17
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.08 % FA 0.06 0-0.2 10
C18:0 stearic acid 3.9 4.2 g/kg 4.4 % FA 1.4 2.5 -6.1 6 1.2 2.6-6.4 17
C18:1 oleic acid 17.6 19.3 g/kg 20.2 % FA 4.3 15.2 -26.3 6 2.4 15.8-24.8 17
C18:2 linoleic acid 12.9 14.1 g/kg 14.7 % FA 4.7 12.6 -23.4 5 2 10.2-17.8 17
C18:3 linolenic acid 47.1 51.6 g/kg 53.8 % FA 7.8 37.9 -59.3 6 3.5 47.8-59.9 17
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 13
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.09 % FA 0.09 0-0.2 10
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 4
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2
C22:0 behenic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.09 0-0.2 11
C22:1 erucic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.05 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 3
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 3
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 9
Fatty acids 8.7 9.6 % 90 % fat 2 87-91 5
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin E 8.2 9 mg/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 1.04 1.14 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 1.01 1.11 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 119 130 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 164 180 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 100 109 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.336 0.368 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2830 3100 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1830 2010 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1780 1950 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12 13.2 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.8 8.6 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.6 8.4 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.1 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.4 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 57 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 54 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.4 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.5 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.07 1.17 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.04 1.14 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 104 113 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 151 165 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 115 126 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.99 1.09 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.95 1.04 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 138 152 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 182 200 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 79 86 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.99 1.09 per kg -
UFL INRA 2007 1.01 1.11 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.97 1.06 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.95 1.04 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 139 152 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 230 253 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 177 194 g/kg - 25 162 -193 4 27 131 -203 8
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2760 3020 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.5 12.7 MJ/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.7 12.8 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77.5 % 1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77.8 %
N digestibility ruminants - 76.6 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 61 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 55 % 9 50-74 8
Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 % 1
Potentially degradable N (b) - 77 % 1
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.06 h-1 1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 53 %
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 21 %
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 60 %
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.07 h-1
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.1 %
Absorbable P ruminants 5.7 6.3 g/kg 67 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 2.1 2.3 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.4 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.3 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 993 1089 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 1038 1138 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 162 178 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 99 108 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 3.8 4.2 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.7 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 76.9 84.3 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.67 4.02 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.99 2.18 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.88 2.06 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.07 2.27 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.44 1.58 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 43 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 50 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7 7.7 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 253 277 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 11 12 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 3510 3840 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 3260 3570 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 2210 2430 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 3640 3990 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 3340 3660 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 2290 2510 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 14.7 16.1 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 13.6 15 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 9.3 10.2 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 15.2 16.7 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 14 15.3 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 9.6 10.5 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 77.1 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 80 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 78.8 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 81.8 %
N digestibility growing pig - 89.8 %
N digestibility adult pig - 92.2 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 71 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1 1.1 g/kg 12 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.5 1.7 g/kg 18 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2480 2720 kcal/kg - 340 2070 -2990 7 370 2270 -3370 7
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2380 2610 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.4 11.4 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 10 10.9 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 2.1 2.3 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 2.1 2.3 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 76.3 % 1
Energy digestibility horse - 73.4 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.87 0.96 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 251 275 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 3240 3550 kcal/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (kcal) 2940 3220 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 13.6 14.9 MJ/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (MJ) 12.3 13.5 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.3 % 1
N digestibility rabbit - 76.6 % 1
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 3040 3330 kcal/kg - 1 1
DE salmonids (MJ) 12.7 13.9 MJ/kg - 1 1
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 34 % 1
N digestibility salmonids - 70 % 1
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 12.7 13.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.8 8.6 -15.5 24 1.9 9.1 -17 27 0.4 3-4.4 28
Threonine 12.4 13.6 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.4 9.4 -15.5 22 1.5 10 -17 25 0.2 3.4-4.4 26
Methionine 6.1 6.6 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.7 3.7 -6.9 21 0.8 3.9 -7.5 24 0.2 1.4-2.4 25
Cystine 6 6.6 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.8 4.3 -7 20 0.9 4.8 -8.9 23 0.3 1.3-2.3 24
Methionine + cystine 12.1 13.2 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 11.2 -13.3 11 1.1 12 -16 13 0.4 3.3-4.7 14
Tryptophan 4.9 5.4 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.6 4 -6 11 0.6 4.3 -6.5 12 0.1 1.3-1.8 13
Isoleucine 13.9 15.2 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2 10.8 -16.9 21 2.2 11.6 -18.2 24 0.4 3.3-4.7 25
Valine 16.5 18 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 2.4 12.5 -20 21 2.6 13.4 -22 23 0.5 4-5.7 24
Leucine 19.3 21.2 g/kg 6 g/16g N 2.4 14.5 -24.6 22 2.6 15.5 -27 25 0.3 5.1-6.9 26
Phenylalanine 15.7 17.2 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 2.1 11.8 -19.1 22 2.2 12.6 -21 25 0.3 4-5.4 26
Tyrosine 7.9 8.6 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 1.4 5.6 -9.8 20 1.5 6.3 -10.6 23 0.4 1.8-3 24
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 23.6 25.9 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 3.3 18.7 -28.6 12 3.6 20 -30.8 14 0.5 6.2-8.1 15
Histidine 8.6 9.4 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 1.6 5 -10.8 22 1.7 5.3 -12 25 0.3 1.9-3.5 26
Arginine 30.3 33.2 g/kg 9.4 g/16g N 4.6 23.4 -38.2 22 5 26.1 -42 25 1.2 6.8-11.6 26
Alanine 15.1 16.6 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 2 9.9 -19 21 2.2 10.5 -19.6 22 0.2 3.8-4.9 22
Aspartic acid 31.2 34.2 g/kg 9.7 g/16g N 4.4 20.7 -38.2 21 4.8 22 -42 23 0.9 6.7-10.8 23
Glutamic acid 64.9 71.1 g/kg 20.1 g/16g N 9.5 36.6 -76 21 10.3 39 -81.8 23 2 14.2-21.1 23
Glycine 19.1 21 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 2.3 13.1 -23.5 21 2.4 14 -24.3 23 0.3 4.8-6.4 24
Serine 15.3 16.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.7 10.7 -18.3 22 1.8 11.4 -19 23 0.3 3.9-5 23
Proline 11.9 13.1 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1.9 8.3 -16.8 13 2.1 8.8 -17.3 15 0.3 3.2-4.5 15
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 9.8 10.8 g/kg 78 % 1.2 6.8 -12.3 9 1.3 7.6 -12.7 10 5 69-85 10
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 9.6 10.5 g/kg 77 % 1.1 8.7 -12.6 9 1.2 9.6 -13 10 3 73-83 10
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6 g/kg 91 % 0.6 4.3 -6.5 9 0.7 4.8 -6.7 10 4 83-96 10
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.2 g/kg 79 % 0.5 3.3 -5.1 9 0.5 3.7 -5.3 10 6 66-89 10
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 10.2 11.2 g/kg 85 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.6 g/kg 86 % 0.6 3.4 -5.4 9 0.7 3.7 -5.5 9 3 82-93 9
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 11.8 12.9 g/kg 85 % 1.6 9.3 -13.7 9 1.7 10 -14.3 10 3 79-90 10
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 13.8 15.1 g/kg 84 % 1.7 10.9 -16.3 8 1.8 12 -16.9 9 3 78-90 10
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 16.5 18.1 g/kg 86 % 1.9 15.7 -21.8 9 2 16.7 -22.5 10 3 79-90 10
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 13.7 15 g/kg 87 % 1.6 11.5 -16.9 9 1.7 12.7 -17.5 10 3 80-93 10
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.1 g/kg 83 % 1 4.7 -7.5 9 1 5 -8.1 10 4 77-90 10
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 20.2 22.1 g/kg 86 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 7.7 g/kg 82 % 1 6.2 -8.9 9 1 6.5 -9.2 10 5 75-88 10
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 27.8 30.5 g/kg 92 % 3.7 21.9 -35 9 4 23.9 -36.1 10 3 84-97 10
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 12.1 13.2 g/kg 80 % 1.8 10.8 -16.8 9 2 11.5 -17.3 9 4 76-88 9
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 25.5 27.9 g/kg 82 % 3.6 19.2 -31.9 9 3.9 20.6 -32.9 10 3 76-86 10
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 56.8 62.2 g/kg 88 % 6.9 43.6 -66.2 9 7.5 47.7 -68.4 10 3 81-92 10
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 14.3 15.7 g/kg 75 % 2.4 11.7 -20.1 9 2.6 12.6 -20.7 10 6 67-85 10
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 12.3 13.4 g/kg 80 % 1.4 10.2 -15.7 9 1.5 11.4 -16.2 10 3 76-86 10
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.4 g/kg 72 % 1 1
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.5 11.5 g/kg 83 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.8 10.8 g/kg 79 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 5.9 g/kg 88 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.4 g/kg 67 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.4 10.3 g/kg 78 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.3 g/kg 80 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.7 11.7 g/kg 77 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.8 14.1 g/kg 78 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.9 16.3 g/kg 77 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.4 g/kg 78 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.6 g/kg 77 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.3 20.1 g/kg 78 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7 g/kg 74 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.4 24.6 g/kg 74 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.6 12.8 g/kg 77 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 23.1 25.3 g/kg 74 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 48 52.6 g/kg 74 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.5 15.9 g/kg 76 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.3 12.4 g/kg 74 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 9.2 10.1 g/kg 77 %
Origin France, ex factory
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 4.63 5.08 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 5.61 6.14 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 568 622 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0114 0.0125 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 49.79 54.58 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0003 0.0004 m²yr/kg -
CSVXLSXXML