Mealworm larvae, dried

Dried larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus 1758), a beetle insect. Note: it is recommended to check the regulatory status of this product before using it for livestock feeding.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 94.6 100 % - 1 93.9 -96.3 5 1.5
Crude protein 47.2 49.9 % - 4.8 40.7 -53.7 5 5 43 -60.3 28
Crude fibre 4.8 5.1 % - 1 0.7 4.4 -6.9 14
Crude fat 35.3 37.3 % - 5.7 25.1 -46.4 27
Ash 3.3 3.5 % - 1.4 2.9 -8.3 5 1.4 1.9 -8.8 29
Insoluble ash 0.2 0.2 % - 1
NDF 11.4 12 % - 7.4 -15 4
ADF 6.1 6.5 % - 6.4 -6.6 2
Lignin 0 0 % -
Water insoluble cell walls 10.6 11.2 % -
Starch 0 0 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % -
Total sugars 0 0 % -
Gross energy (kcal) 6360 6720 kcal/kg - 430 5530 -7460 3 450 5540 -7740 19
Gross energy (MJ) 26.6 28.1 MJ/kg - 1.8 23.1 -31.2 3 1.9 23.2 -32.4 19
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 2.4 2.5 g/kg - 1 1.9 0.3 -6.2 11
Phosphorus 7.2 7.6 g/kg - 1 3.5 4.4 -14.2 9
Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P
Magnesium 2.2 2.3 g/kg - 2 -2.8 3
Potassium 8.4 8.9 g/kg - 8.5 -9.3 2
Sodium 0.89 0.94 g/kg - 1
Manganese 8 9 mg/kg - 6 -14 4
Zinc 110 116 mg/kg - 83 -136 4
Copper 15 16 mg/kg - 15 -18 4
Iron 54 57 mg/kg - 30 32 26 -110 5
Selenium 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - 0.3 -0.7 2
Iodine 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0 -0.4 2
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 1 1 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 1 0.4 0-1 5
C14:0 myristic acid 9.1 9.6 g/kg 3.2 % FA 1 1 1.7 1.8-6.4 6
C16:0 palmitic acid 45.6 48.2 g/kg 16.1 % FA 1 1 7 6.8-28.7 7
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 8.3 8.8 g/kg 2.9 % FA 1 1 1.7 1.5-6.1 6
C18:0 stearic acid 7.1 7.5 g/kg 2.5 % FA 1 1 0.6 1.5-3.2 6
C18:1 oleic acid 104 110 g/kg 36.6 % FA 1 1 9.2 19.8-43.3 7
C18:2 linoleic acid 70.2 74.2 g/kg 24.7 % FA 1 1 10 8.5-34.5 7
C18:3 linolenic acid 2.9 3 g/kg 1 % FA 1 1 0.7 0.1-1.9 6
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 1.9 2 g/kg 0.7 % FA 1 1 0.7 0.08-1.5 5
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.09 0.09 g/kg 0.03 % FA 1
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C22:0 behenic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.01 % FA 1 1
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.01 % FA 1
Fatty acids 28.4 30 g/kg 80 % fat 1 20.2 -40.5 3 1
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin E 20.1 21.2 mg/kg - 10.1 -33.4 3
Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.4 4.7 mg/kg - 3.1 -6.3 2
Vitamin B2 riboflavin 23.5 24.8 mg/kg - 12 -41.3 3
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 11.4 12 mg/kg - 0 -21.3 3
Vitamin B12 0.02 0.03 µg/kg - 0 -0.06 3
Niacin 101 106 mg/kg - 106 -107 2
Pantothenic acid 50.1 53 mg/kg - 37.2 -68.8 2
Folic acid 2.4 2.6 mg/kg - 0.6 -4.1 3
Biotin 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - 0.8 -0.9 2
Choline 4367 4615 mg/kg - 4390 -4840 2
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 1.81 1.92 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 1.86 1.97 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 149 158 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 195 207 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 200 211 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.203 0.215 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 4710 4980 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3190 3370 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3270 3460 kcal/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.8 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 61 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.6 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.3 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.1 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.3 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.86 1.96 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.92 2.02 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 143 151 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 191 202 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 205 217 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.73 1.83 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.76 1.86 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 158 167 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 204 215 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 190 200 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 1.64 1.73 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 1.63 1.72 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 170 180 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 319 338 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 192 202 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 4390 4640 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 18.4 19.4 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91.2 %
N digestibility ruminants - 78.9 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 59 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 2 % 0.9-2 2
Potentially degradable N (b) - 66 % 59-73 2
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.43 h-1 0.11-0.75 2
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 %
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 5 % 4-6 2
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 76 % 72-80 2
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.555 h-1 0.12-0.99 2
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.6 %
Absorbable P ruminants 6.5 6.9 g/kg 90 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.3 1.4 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.5 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.4 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.9 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 3.6 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.4 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 1634 1727 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 1778 1879 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 181 191 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 227 240 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 3.7 3.9 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.2 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 104 110 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 5.39 5.7 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 3.37 3.56 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 3.2 3.39 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 3.16 3.34 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.3 2.43 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 40 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 11.6 12.2 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 366 386 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 17 18 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 5560 5870 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 5250 5550 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 3870 4090 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 5560 5870 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 5230 5530 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 3890 4110 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 21.8 23 MJ/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 23.3 24.6 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 22 23.2 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 20.5 21.6 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 16.2 17.1 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 15.6 16.4 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 23.3 24.6 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 21.8 23 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 20.4 21.6 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 21.9 23.1 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 15.5 16.4 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 16.3 17.2 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 87.4 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 87.4 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 89.6 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 89.6 %
N digestibility growing pig - 85 %
N digestibility adult pig - 85 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 79.5 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 5.8 6.1 g/kg 80 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 5.8 6.1 g/kg 80 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 5340 5640 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 4980 5260 kcal/kg - 1 1
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 19.7 20.8 MJ/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 22.3 23.6 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 18.1 19.1 MJ/kg - 1 1
AMEn broiler (MJ) 20.8 22 MJ/kg - 1 1
Available P cockerel 6.1 6.5 g/kg 85 % P
Available P broiler 6.1 6.5 g/kg 85 % P
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 5550 5860 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 5020 5310 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 23.2 24.5 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 21 22.2 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 87.2 %
N digestibility rabbit - 91.8 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 4870 5150 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 20.4 21.6 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 76.7 %
N digestibility salmonids - 87.4 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 30.5 32.3 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 9.2 17.5 -34 3 9.7 14 -47.1 18 2.1 2.9-10.4 18
Threonine 24.6 26 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 5.3 15.7 -36.3 18 1.2 3.5-7.6 18
Methionine 9.3 9.9 g/kg 2 g/16g N 4 5.1 -9.6 3 4.2 4.8 -18 18 0.9 1-3.9 18
Cystine 34.7 36.6 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 25 3.5 -87 18 5.5 0.8-19.2 18
Methionine + cystine 44 46.5 g/kg 9.3 g/16g N 26.2 8.9 -97 18 5.8 1.6-21.4 18
Tryptophan 8.3 8.8 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1 6.3 1 -21 15 1.4 0.2-4.6 15
Isoleucine 28.5 30.1 g/kg 6 g/16g N 8.9 13.9 -49 16 2 3.2-11 16
Valine 41.9 44.3 g/kg 8.9 g/16g N 12 23.8 -58.6 18 2.7 5-12.8 18
Leucine 52.9 55.9 g/kg 11.2 g/16g N 20.2 28.1 -103 18 4.4 6-21.5 18
Phenylalanine 20.6 21.8 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 3.5 13.6 -25 17 0.8 3.1-5.6 17
Tyrosine 29.7 31.4 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 9.4 24.7 -34.9 3 9.9 16.9 -50 17 2.1 3.5-11 17
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 50.3 53.2 g/kg 10.7 g/16g N 10.7 37.5 -48.9 2 11.3 34 -75 17 2.6 7.1-16.5 17
Histidine 15.3 16.1 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 2.3 10.1 -15.9 3 2.4 10.7 -18.8 17 0.5 2.3-4 17
Arginine 27.2 28.8 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 6.8 19.7 -42.4 18 1.5 3.8-8.9 18
Alanine 53.5 56.5 g/kg 11.3 g/16g N 16.8 31.5 -90 18 3.9 6.2-20.1 18
Aspartic acid 47.9 50.6 g/kg 10.1 g/16g N 10.2 29.4 -72.3 18 2.3 5.6-15.2 18
Glutamic acid 78 82.4 g/kg 16.5 g/16g N 16.8 54.1 -110 17 4 10.2-23.1 17
Glycine 39.9 42.2 g/kg 8.5 g/16g N 13 20.4 -59 18 3 3.9-13.2 18
Serine 34 36 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N 9 21.5 -43 3 9.5 22.7 -58.4 18 2 4.3-11.1 18
Proline 30.6 32.4 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 4.8 21 -32.5 3 5 22.3 -36.7 6 0.7 5.2-7 6
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 27.5 29 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 22.2 23.5 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 8.9 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 31.3 33.1 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 36.7 38.8 g/kg 90 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.3 g/kg 83 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 25.6 27.1 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 37.7 39.9 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 47.6 50.3 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 18.5 19.6 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 26.7 28.2 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 42.4 44.8 g/kg 90 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 13.8 14.5 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 24.5 25.9 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 48.1 50.8 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 43.1 45.5 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 70.2 74.2 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 36 38 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 30.7 32.4 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 27.8 29.4 g/kg 91 % 1 1 1
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.2 26.6 g/kg 82 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.4 20.5 g/kg 79 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.5 g/kg 86 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.8 27.3 g/kg 75 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 31.4 33.2 g/kg 77 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.2 g/kg 82 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.6 25 g/kg 83 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 34.5 36.4 g/kg 82 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 44.5 47.1 g/kg 84 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.4 18.4 g/kg 85 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 24.8 26.2 g/kg 83 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 39.6 41.8 g/kg 84 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.5 13.2 g/kg 82 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.2 24.6 g/kg 85 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 44.1 46.6 g/kg 83 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 37.6 39.8 g/kg 79 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 67.3 71.1 g/kg 86 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 31.8 33.6 g/kg 80 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 27.5 29.1 g/kg 81 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 25.2 26.7 g/kg 82 %
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