Molasses, sugarcane

Syrupy byproduct of sugar manufacture, obtained from the crystallisation of cane sugar (Saccharum officinarum L.).

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 72.3 100 % - 2 65.5 -79.7 679 3.8
Crude protein 4.2 5.8 % - 1.2 0.9 -7.1 209 1.7 1.1 -10 191
Crude fibre 0 0 % - 0.09 0 -0.2 6 0.1 0 -0.3 6
Crude fat 1 1.4 % - 0.9 0 -3.1 26
Ash 10.3 14.3 % - 2.1 4.6 -15.9 206 2.8 5.8 -21.4 187
Insoluble ash 0.2 0.2 % - 0.3 0.01 -0.8 7
NDF 0.2 0.3 % - 0.07 0.1 0.2 -0.5 9
ADF 0.1 0.1 % - 0.1 0.2 0 -0.5 11
Lignin 0.1 0.1 % - 0.07 0.1 0.1 -0.4 9
Water insoluble cell walls 0 0 % -
Starch 0 0 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % -
Total sugars 45.7 63.3 % - 4.7 27.3 -65.5 611 6.3 38.8 -86.7 566
Gross energy (kcal) 2570 3560 kcal/kg - 130 2510 -2840 7 140 3510 -3940 8
Gross energy (MJ) 10.8 14.9 MJ/kg - 0.5 10.5 -11.9 7 0.6 14.7 -16.5 8
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 6.6 9.1 g/kg - 1.2 4 -10.5 106 1.6 5.9 -14 115
Phosphorus 0.5 0.7 g/kg - 0.2 0.1 -1 110 0.3 0.1 -1.4 121
Phytate phosphorus 0.05 0.07 g/kg 10 % P
Magnesium 3.1 4.3 g/kg - 0.9 1.7 -4.3 21 1.3 2.3 -6.2 33
Potassium 36.1 49.9 g/kg - 10.8 7 -59.8 200 14.9 9.2 -79.7 199
Sodium 1.79 2.47 g/kg - 0.9 0.27 -4.44 119 1.24 0.39 -6.15 131
Chlorine 15.9 22 g/kg - 6 6.2 -39 152 8.2 6.7 -53.2 159
Sulfur 5.2 7.2 g/kg - 2.1 2.9 4.1 -14.1 10
Dietary cation-anion difference 230 319 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 556 769 mEq/kg -
Manganese 53 74 mg/kg - 1 29 22 -121 13
Zinc 13 18 mg/kg - 18 4 -77 14
Copper 5 6 mg/kg - 4 3 -22 3 6 2 -22 14
Iron 125 173 mg/kg - 1 45 123 -277 11
Cobalt 0.9 1 mg/kg -
Molybdenum 1 2 mg/kg - 0.4 0.6 1 -3 10
Iodine 4 6 mg/kg - 1
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.05 0.07 g/kg 0.5 % FA 1 0.1 0.3-0.8 10
C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.06 g/kg 0.4 % FA 1 0.3 0.2-1.1 10
C16:0 palmitic acid 3.2 4.4 g/kg 30.7 % FA 1 1.6 26.8-32.7 10
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 0.1 0.2-0.5 10
C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 2.2 % FA 1 0.4 1.9-3.2 10
C18:1 oleic acid 1.2 1.7 g/kg 12.1 % FA 1 1 10.8-13.9 10
C18:2 linoleic acid 4.4 6 g/kg 42.2 % FA 1 0.6 41.6-43.4 10
C18:3 linolenic acid 1.2 1.6 g/kg 11.2 % FA 0.3 10.8-11.6 9
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.9 1.3 g/kg 9.1 % FA 1 1
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 1 1.4 % 100 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin E 4.6 6.4 mg/kg -
Vitamin B1 thiamin 0.7 1 mg/kg -
Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.2 3 mg/kg -
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 3.2 4.5 mg/kg -
Niacin 27.7 38.3 mg/kg -
Pantothenic acid 28.8 39.9 mg/kg -
Folic acid 0.08 0.1 mg/kg -
Biotin 0.5 0.7 mg/kg -
Choline 541 749 mg/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.57 0.79 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.55 0.76 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 2 2 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 42 58 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -34 -47 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.027 0.038 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1560 2160 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1000 1390 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 970 1340 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.5 9 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.2 5.8 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4 5.6 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 78.3 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 71.7 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 93 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.7 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.58 0.8 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.56 0.78 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 0.9 1 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 42 58 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -34 -47 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.55 0.76 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.52 0.72 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 2 3 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 43 59 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -36 -49 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.62 0.85 per kg - 1 1
UFV INRA 2007 0.6 0.83 per kg - 1 1
PDIA INRA 2007 0 0 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 24 33 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 45 62 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1680 2320 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 7 9.7 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 79.7 % 1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 76.7 % 1
N digestibility ruminants - 44.8 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 100 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 72 % 1
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 100 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 100 %
Potentially degradable N (b) - 0 %
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 64.6 %
Absorbable P ruminants 0.4 0.5 g/kg 73 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 3.6 5 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.7 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 616 852 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 658 911 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 34 47 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 -31 -42 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 2.9 4 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1 1.3 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 56.9 78.7 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.54 3.51 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.29 1.78 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.21 1.68 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.39 1.93 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.93 1.29 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 4.4 6 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 84 116 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -7 -9 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2190 3030 kcal/kg - 320 2000 -2340 3 440 2720 -3970 6
ME growing pig (kcal) 2150 2970 kcal/kg - 1 1
NE growing pig (kcal) 1500 2070 kcal/kg - 1 1
DE adult pig (kcal) 2250 3120 kcal/kg - 1
ME adult pig (kcal) 2210 3050 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1550 2140 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 9.2 12.7 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 9 12.4 MJ/kg - 1 1
NE growing pig (MJ) 6.3 8.7 MJ/kg - 1 1
DE adult pig (MJ) 9.4 13.1 MJ/kg - 1
ME adult pig (MJ) 9.2 12.8 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 6.5 9 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 85 % 77.1-96 4
Energy digestibility adult pig - 87.6 % 1
OM digestibility growing pig - 85 % 79-88.4 3
OM digestibility adult pig - 87.1 %
N digestibility growing pig - 40 % 1
N digestibility adult pig - 49.5 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.3 0.4 g/kg 60 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.4 0.6 g/kg 90 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2220 3070 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2220 3070 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.3 12.8 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.3 12.8 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.1 0.2 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.1 0.2 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 84.8 %
Energy digestibility horse - 81.5 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.86 1.19 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 19 26 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 2260 3130 kcal/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (kcal) 2220 3070 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 9.5 13.1 MJ/kg - 1 1
ME rabbit (MJ) 9.3 12.9 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 87.9 % 1
N digestibility rabbit - 60 % 1
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 1190 1650 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 5 6.9 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 46.3 %
N digestibility salmonids - 72.2 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.4 g/16g N 1 1
Threonine 0.6 0.8 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 1 1
Methionine 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.4 g/16g N 1 1
Cystine 0.4 0.5 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1
Methionine + cystine 0.6 0.8 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 1 1
Tryptophan 0.08 0.1 g/kg 0.2 g/16g N
Isoleucine 0.4 0.5 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1
Valine 1.3 1.8 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1 1
Leucine 0.5 0.7 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 1 1
Phenylalanine 0.2 0.3 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 1
Tyrosine 0.5 0.8 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 1 1
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 0.8 1.1 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 1 1
Histidine 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.3 g/16g N 1 1
Arginine 0.2 0.3 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 1
Alanine 2.5 3.5 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1 1
Aspartic acid 9.3 12.9 g/kg 22.2 g/16g N 1 1
Glutamic acid 4.3 6 g/kg 10.3 g/16g N 1 1
Glycine 0.7 1 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1 1
Serine 0.8 1.1 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 1 1
Proline 0.5 0.7 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 1 1
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.2 g/kg 91 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.7 g/kg 92 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.2 g/kg 95 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 95 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.7 g/kg 95 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.08 0.1 g/kg 95 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.5 g/kg 93 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.7 g/kg 94 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.7 g/kg 92 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.3 g/kg 88 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.7 g/kg 91 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 1 g/kg 90 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.2 g/kg 86 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.3 g/kg 86 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 3.3 g/kg 94 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 12.2 g/kg 95 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4 5.6 g/kg 93 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.9 g/kg 93 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 1 g/kg 91 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 88 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.1 0.2 g/kg 93 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.7 g/kg 91 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.2 g/kg 98 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 92 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.7 g/kg 94 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.08 0.1 g/kg 95 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.5 g/kg 94 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.7 g/kg 95 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.7 g/kg 93 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.3 g/kg 90 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.7 g/kg 90 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 1 g/kg 90 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.1 0.2 g/kg 84 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.3 g/kg 83 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 3.5 g/kg 98 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.8 12.2 g/kg 95 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4 5.5 g/kg 92 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.9 g/kg 92 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 1 g/kg 88 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.6 g/kg 81 %
Origin Pakistan, ex port of delivery (Sète, France)
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 3.45 4.77 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 1.88 2.6 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 373 516 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0067 0.0093 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 22.21 30.72 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0001 m²yr/kg -
CSVXLSXXML