Maize flour, crude fibre < 2%

Maize flour (Zea mays L.), normally used for human consumption or for petfood.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 87.6 100 % - 2.1 84.4 -98.4 88 3.4
Crude protein 7.1 8.1 % - 1.1 4.6 -9.5 86 1.2 5.3 -10.7 84
Crude fibre 1 1.1 % - 0.5 0.2 -2 64 0.6 0.2 -2.3 62
Crude fat 2.5 2.8 % - 2 0.05 -9.1 70 2.3 0.06 -10.2 70
Ash 0.7 0.8 % - 0.4 0.2 -2.4 64 0.5 0.2 -2.7 64
Insoluble ash 0.06 0.07 % - 0.01 -0.1 3 0.01 -0.1 3
NDF 3.9 4.4 % -
ADF 1.3 1.4 % - 0.4 -1.7 3 0.5 -1.9 3
Lignin 0.3 0.4 % - 1 1
Water insoluble cell walls 9.4 10.7 % -
Starch 69.8 79.7 % - 9.2 43.5 -81.8 87 10.4 52.5 -91.6 80
Starch, enzymatic method 64.9 74.2 % - 1
Total sugars 0.7 0.8 % - 0.4 -0.9 3 0.4 -1 4
Gross energy (kcal) 3900 4460 kcal/kg - 1
Gross energy (MJ) 16.3 18.7 MJ/kg - 1
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 0.3 0.3 g/kg - 0.2 0.01 -0.5 7 0.2 0.01 -0.6 7
Phosphorus 1.4 1.7 g/kg - 1.6 0.7 -5.1 7 1.9 0.8 -5.9 7
Phytate phosphorus 1.1 1.2 g/kg 75 % P
Magnesium 0.2 0.2 g/kg - 0.2 -0.2 2 0.2 -0.3 2
Potassium 1.1 1.3 g/kg - 1 -1.3 2 1.1 -1.4 2
Sodium 0.1 0.12 g/kg - 1 1
Chlorine 0.6 0.7 g/kg -
Sulfur 1 1.1 g/kg - 1 1
Dietary cation-anion difference -46 -53 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 16 19 mEq/kg -
Manganese 0.9 1 mg/kg - 1 1
Zinc 4 5 mg/kg - 1 1
Copper 0.9 1 mg/kg - 1 1
Iron 13 15 mg/kg - 1 1
Selenium 0.09 0.1 mg/kg -
Cobalt 0.2 0.2 mg/kg -
Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0.1-0.4 18
C16:0 palmitic acid 2.2 2.5 g/kg 10.5 % FA 0.8 8.6-13.6 202
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.8 % FA 0.2 1.3-2.7 201
C18:1 oleic acid 5.5 6.3 g/kg 26.1 % FA 3 20-35.4 202
C18:2 linoleic acid 12.5 14.3 g/kg 59.5 % FA 3.4 49.4-67.6 208
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.3-1.9 202
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.2 0.1-1.2 186
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 2.1 2.4 % 85 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin A 0.2 0.2 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin E 6.3 7.2 mg/kg -
Vitamin K 0 0 mg/kg -
Vitamin B1 thiamin 2 2.3 mg/kg -
Vitamin B2 riboflavin 0.8 1 mg/kg -
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 2.1 2.4 mg/kg -
Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg -
Niacin 41.8 47.7 mg/kg -
Pantothenic acid 0.5 0.6 mg/kg -
Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg -
Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -
Choline 215 245 mg/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 1.16 1.33 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 1.2 1.37 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 34 39 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 82 94 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -55 -63 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.237 0.271 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2990 3420 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2040 2330 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2120 2420 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12.2 13.9 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.3 9.4 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.5 9.7 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 91.7 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 88.9 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 47 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 68 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 10 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.18 1.35 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.22 1.4 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 31 36 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 82 94 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -56 -64 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.13 1.29 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.16 1.32 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 38 44 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 84 96 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -55 -63 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 1.14 1.3 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 1.17 1.33 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 40 45 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 55 63 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 81 93 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2980 3410 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.5 14.3 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 93 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.3 %
N digestibility ruminants - 68.3 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 44 % 10 25-67 33
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % 57-60 2
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 70.5 %
Absorbable P ruminants 1.1 1.2 g/kg 75 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.1 0.2 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.5 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 9.9 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 1141 1303 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 1279 1460 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 81 93 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 -46 -52 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 5.5 6.3 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 2 2.3 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 79.9 91.2 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.45 3.93 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.8 2.06 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.7 1.95 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.94 2.22 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.34 1.53 Mcal/kg -
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.1 9.2 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 142 162 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -11 -13 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 3660 4180 kcal/kg - 1 1
ME growing pig (kcal) 3580 4090 kcal/kg - 1 1
NE growing pig (kcal) 2830 3240 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 3720 4250 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 3610 4130 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 2870 3280 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 15.3 17.5 MJ/kg - 1 1
ME growing pig (MJ) 15 17.1 MJ/kg - 1 1
NE growing pig (MJ) 11.9 13.5 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 15.6 17.8 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 15.1 17.3 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 12 13.7 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 93.8 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 95.2 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 96.2 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 97.5 %
N digestibility growing pig - 86.2 %
N digestibility adult pig - 90.9 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 54.1 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.3 0.3 g/kg 20 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.4 0.5 g/kg 30 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3230 3690 kcal/kg - 1 1
AMEn broiler (kcal) 3160 3610 kcal/kg - 1 1
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.5 15.4 MJ/kg - 1 1
AMEn broiler (MJ) 13.2 15.1 MJ/kg - 1 1
Available P cockerel 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 90.1 %
Energy digestibility horse - 86.5 %
Horse Forage Unit 1.15 1.31 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 51 58 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 3300 3770 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 3230 3680 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 13.8 15.8 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 13.5 15.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 84.6 %
N digestibility rabbit - 73.7 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 1950 2220 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 8.1 9.3 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 49.9 %
N digestibility salmonids - 77 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 3.1 3.5 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N
Threonine 2.9 3.3 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N
Methionine 1.3 1.5 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 1.3 -1.4 2 1.5 -1.6 2 1.6-1.9 2
Cystine 1.7 1.9 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 1 1 1
Methionine + cystine 3 3.4 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1 1 1
Tryptophan 0.4 0.5 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 1 1
Isoleucine 2.5 2.8 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N
Valine 3.6 4.1 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 3.3 -3.6 2 3.8 -4.2 2
Leucine 8.5 9.7 g/kg 12 g/16g N
Phenylalanine 3.5 3.9 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N
Tyrosine 2.6 3 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 1 1
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 6.1 6.9 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 1 1 1
Histidine 2.3 2.6 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 2.2 -2.6 2
Arginine 4.5 5.2 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N
Alanine 5.2 5.9 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N
Aspartic acid 5.7 6.5 g/kg 8.1 g/16g N
Glutamic acid 12.5 14.3 g/kg 17.8 g/16g N
Glycine 3.3 3.8 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N
Serine 3.4 3.9 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 3.1 -3.4 2 3.6 -3.9 2
Proline 2.5 2.9 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.8 g/kg 80 % 7 64-87 20
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 83 % 7 60-91 20
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.4 g/kg 91 % 5 73-96 19
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 88 % 6 73-94 16
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3 g/kg 90 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.4 g/kg 80 % 7 76-99 10
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.5 g/kg 88 % 5 75-93 20
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.6 g/kg 87 % 5 74-94 20
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.9 9 g/kg 93 % 5 80-96 20
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.6 g/kg 91 % 4 80-95 19
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 90 % 5 79-94 17
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.3 g/kg 91 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 89 % 5 75-94 19
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.7 g/kg 91 % 4 78-95 20
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.3 g/kg 89 % 4 79-95 18
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.7 g/kg 87 % 6 72-94 18
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 11.6 13.3 g/kg 93 % 3 84-96 18
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3.1 g/kg 82 % 9 58-93 16
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.4 g/kg 89 % 5 74-96 18
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.6 g/kg 89 % 5 79-97 9
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.2 g/kg 93 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 85 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.4 g/kg 95 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.7 g/kg 89 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3.1 g/kg 92 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 93 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 95 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.8 g/kg 92 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.6 g/kg 99 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 92 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.8 g/kg 93 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.4 g/kg 92 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 92 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.7 g/kg 91 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.8 g/kg 98 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.9 g/kg 90 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 14 g/kg 98 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.4 g/kg 88 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 91 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 84 %
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