Byproduct of flour or grits manufacture from maize grain (Zea mays L.), consisting of maize germs and other grain fragments.
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry matter | 89.5 | 100 | % | - | 2.3 | 83.4 -98 | 258 | 3.7 | ||||||
Crude protein | 12.6 | 14.1 | % | - | 2.1 | 7.6 -17.8 | 255 | 2.3 | 8.7 -19.8 | 263 | ||||
Crude fibre | 5.2 | 5.8 | % | - | 1.3 | 1.4 -9.5 | 219 | 1.4 | 1.6 -10.4 | 225 | ||||
Crude fat | 7.2 | 8 | % | - | 2.2 | 5.1 -13.8 | 128 | 2.5 | 5.2 -19.2 | 134 | ||||
Ash | 3.9 | 4.3 | % | - | 1.6 | 1.6 -8.4 | 136 | 1.8 | 1.8 -9.7 | 143 | ||||
Insoluble ash | 1.9 | 2.1 | % | - | 2.1 -2.1 | 2 | ||||||||
NDF | 25.5 | 28.5 | % | - | 10.7 | 13.2 -47.6 | 9 | 12 | 13.9 -53.5 | 13 | ||||
ADF | 6.8 | 7.7 | % | - | 2.6 | 2.9 -11.9 | 9 | 2.9 | 3.4 -13 | 10 | ||||
Lignin | 1.1 | 1.2 | % | - | 0.8 | 0.2 -2.3 | 5 | 0.8 | 0.2 -2.5 | 6 | ||||
Water insoluble cell walls | 25 | 27.9 | % | - | ||||||||||
Starch | 38.3 | 42.8 | % | - | 7.1 | 13.8 -52.2 | 221 | 7.9 | 14.7 -60.7 | 220 | ||||
Starch, enzymatic method | 35.6 | 39.8 | % | - | ||||||||||
Total sugars | 4.8 | 5.4 | % | - | 1.3 | 2.7 -7.7 | 16 | 1.4 | 3 -8.5 | 16 | ||||
Gross energy (kcal) | 4140 | 4630 | kcal/kg | - | 310 | 4300 -5240 | 9 | |||||||
Gross energy (MJ) | 17.3 | 19.4 | MJ/kg | - | 1.3 | 18 -21.9 | 9 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calcium | 0.6 | 0.6 | g/kg | - | 0.7 | 0.09 -1 | 10 | 0.8 | 0.1 -2.9 | 11 | ||||
Phosphorus | 7.6 | 8.5 | g/kg | - | 2.8 | 3 -12.6 | 17 | 3.1 | 3.3 -13.2 | 19 | ||||
Phytate phosphorus | 5.3 | 6 | g/kg | 70 | % P | 1 | 4.7 -6.6 | 3 | 67-83 | 3 | ||||
Magnesium | 2.6 | 2.9 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Potassium | 6.9 | 7.7 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Sodium | 0.63 | 0.7 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Chlorine | 1 | 1.2 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Sulfur | 1 | 1.1 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Dietary cation-anion difference | 110 | 123 | mEq/kg | - | ||||||||||
Electrolyte balance | 174 | 195 | mEq/kg | - | ||||||||||
Manganese | 21 | 24 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Zinc | 45 | 50 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Copper | 7 | 8 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Iron | 140 | 157 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Selenium | 0.1 | 0.1 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Cobalt | 0.3 | 0.3 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Molybdenum | 1 | 1 | mg/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C12:0 lauric acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C14:0 myristic acid | 0.08 | 0.09 | g/kg | 0.1 | % FA | 0.1 | 0.1-0.4 | 18 | ||||||
C16:0 palmitic acid | 6.1 | 6.8 | g/kg | 10.5 | % FA | 0.8 | 8.6-13.6 | 202 | ||||||
C16:1 palmitoleic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | 1 | ||||||||
C18:0 stearic acid | 1 | 1.2 | g/kg | 1.8 | % FA | 0.2 | 1.3-2.7 | 201 | ||||||
C18:1 oleic acid | 15 | 16.7 | g/kg | 26.1 | % FA | 3 | 20-35.4 | 202 | ||||||
C18:2 linoleic acid | 34.1 | 38.2 | g/kg | 59.5 | % FA | 3.4 | 49.4-67.6 | 208 | ||||||
C18:3 linolenic acid | 0.8 | 0.9 | g/kg | 1.3 | % FA | 0.3 | 0.3-1.9 | 202 | ||||||
C18:4 stearidonic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C20:0 arachidic acid | 0.3 | 0.4 | g/kg | 0.6 | % FA | 0.2 | 0.1-1.2 | 186 | ||||||
C20:1 eicosenoic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C20:4 arachidonic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C22:0 behenic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C22:1 erucic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | 1 | ||||||||
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C24:0 lignoceric acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
Fatty acids | 5.7 | 6.4 | % | 80 | % fat |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin A | 5 | 5.6 | 1000 IU/kg | - | ||||||||||
Vitamin D | 0 | 0 | 1000 IU/kg | - | ||||||||||
Vitamin E | 6.5 | 7.2 | mg/kg | - | 1 | |||||||||
Vitamin B1 thiamin | 8.1 | 9 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Vitamin B2 riboflavin | 2.1 | 2.3 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine | 10.9 | 12.2 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Vitamin B12 | 0 | 0 | µg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Niacin | 46.7 | 52.2 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Pantothenic acid | 8.2 | 9.1 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Folic acid | 0.2 | 0.2 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Biotin | 0.1 | 0.1 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Choline | 1148 | 1283 | mg/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE growing pig (kcal) | 3070 | 3440 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME growing pig (kcal) | 2970 | 3320 | kcal/kg | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
NE growing pig (kcal) | 2280 | 2550 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE adult pig (kcal) | 3400 | 3800 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME adult pig (kcal) | 3250 | 3630 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE adult pig (kcal) | 2470 | 2770 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE growing pig (MJ) | 12.9 | 14.4 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME growing pig (MJ) | 12.4 | 13.9 | MJ/kg | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
NE growing pig (MJ) | 9.6 | 10.7 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE adult pig (MJ) | 14.2 | 15.9 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME adult pig (MJ) | 13.6 | 15.2 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE adult pig (MJ) | 10.4 | 11.6 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility growing pig | - | 74.2 | % | |||||||||||
Energy digestibility adult pig | - | 82.1 | % | |||||||||||
OM digestibility growing pig | - | 77.3 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
OM digestibility adult pig | - | 84.9 | % | |||||||||||
N digestibility growing pig | - | 68.8 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
N digestibility adult pig | - | 84.3 | % | |||||||||||
N digestibility ileal standardised pig | - | 72 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
Crude fat digestibility pig | - | 66.2 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
Digestible P pig (no phytase) | 1.6 | 1.8 | g/kg | 21 | % | 1 | ||||||||
Digestible P pig (with phytase) | 2.4 | 2.7 | g/kg | 32 | % |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMEn cockerel (kcal) | 2620 | 2930 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
AMEn broiler (kcal) | 2550 | 2850 | kcal/kg | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
AMEn cockerel (MJ) | 11 | 12.2 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
AMEn broiler (MJ) | 10.7 | 11.9 | MJ/kg | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Available P cockerel | 1.9 | 2.1 | g/kg | 25 | % P | |||||||||
Available P broiler | 1.9 | 2.1 | g/kg | 25 | % P |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OM digestibility horse | - | 80.4 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility horse | - | 77.3 | % | |||||||||||
Horse Forage Unit | 0.94 | 1.05 | per kg | - | ||||||||||
Digestible crude protein horse | 89 | 99 | g/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE rabbit (kcal) | 3160 | 3530 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME rabbit (kcal) | 3060 | 3420 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE rabbit (MJ) | 13.2 | 14.8 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME rabbit (MJ) | 12.8 | 14.3 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility rabbit | - | 76.4 | % | |||||||||||
N digestibility rabbit | - | 62.3 | % |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE salmonids (kcal) | 2290 | 2560 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE salmonids (MJ) | 9.6 | 10.7 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility, salmonids | - | 55.4 | % | |||||||||||
N digestibility salmonids | - | 82.3 | % |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lysine | 4.7 | 5.2 | g/kg | 3.7 | g/16g N | 1 | 2.9 -5.6 | 7 | 1.1 | 3.3 -6.1 | 7 | |||
Threonine | 4.6 | 5.1 | g/kg | 3.7 | g/16g N | 0.8 | 2.6 -4.9 | 5 | 0.9 | 3 -5.4 | 5 | 0.2 | 3.4-4 | 6 |
Methionine | 2.2 | 2.4 | g/kg | 1.7 | g/16g N | 0.4 | 1.3 -2.3 | 5 | 0.4 | 1.5 -2.6 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.9-2.2 | 6 |
Cystine | 2.7 | 3 | g/kg | 2.2 | g/16g N | 0.1 | 2-2.3 | 5 | ||||||
Methionine + cystine | 4.9 | 5.5 | g/kg | 3.9 | g/16g N | 0.8 | 2.8 -5 | 5 | 0.9 | 3.2 -5.6 | 5 | 0.3 | 3.7-4.4 | 5 |
Tryptophan | 0.8 | 0.9 | g/kg | 0.7 | g/16g N | 0.3-1 | 3 | |||||||
Isoleucine | 4.1 | 4.6 | g/kg | 3.3 | g/16g N | 0.5 | 3.1-4.4 | 6 | ||||||
Valine | 6.1 | 6.8 | g/kg | 4.8 | g/16g N | 1 | 3.7 -6.5 | 5 | 1.1 | 4.2 -7.1 | 5 | 0.5 | 4.1-5.5 | 6 |
Leucine | 11.5 | 12.9 | g/kg | 9.2 | g/16g N | 1.2 | 7.5-10.5 | 6 | ||||||
Phenylalanine | 5.1 | 5.7 | g/kg | 4 | g/16g N | 0.5 | 3.6-4.7 | 6 | ||||||
Tyrosine | 3.6 | 4.1 | g/kg | 2.9 | g/16g N | 0.7 | 2.4 -4.1 | 5 | 0.8 | 2.6 -4.5 | 5 | 0.4 | 2.7-4 | 6 |
Phenylalanine + tyrosine | 8.7 | 9.7 | g/kg | 6.9 | g/16g N | 1.2 | 6 -9.1 | 5 | 1.4 | 6.8 -10 | 5 | 0.4 | 6.8-7.8 | 6 |
Histidine | 3.7 | 4.2 | g/kg | 3 | g/16g N | 0.4 | 2.3-3.3 | 6 | ||||||
Arginine | 6.5 | 7.3 | g/kg | 5.2 | g/16g N | 1.4 | 4.1 -7.7 | 5 | 1.6 | 4.7 -8.4 | 5 | |||
Alanine | 8.3 | 9.3 | g/kg | 6.6 | g/16g N | 0.5 | 5.7-6.9 | 5 | ||||||
Aspartic acid | 8.2 | 9.1 | g/kg | 6.5 | g/16g N | 1.5 | 5.3 -9.2 | 5 | 1.7 | 6 -10.1 | 5 | |||
Glutamic acid | 19.1 | 21.3 | g/kg | 15.2 | g/16g N | 1.2 | 13.3-16.6 | 5 | ||||||
Glycine | 5.6 | 6.2 | g/kg | 4.4 | g/16g N | 1.1 | 3.2 -6.2 | 5 | 1.2 | 3.7 -6.8 | 5 | 0.5 | 4.2-5.7 | 5 |
Serine | 5.4 | 6.1 | g/kg | 4.3 | g/16g N | 1.1 | 3.1 -6.3 | 5 | 1.3 | 3.5 -6.9 | 5 | 0.3 | 4-4.8 | 5 |
Proline | 7.6 | 8.5 | g/kg | 6 | g/16g N | 5.3 -8.6 | 3 | 6.1 -9.4 | 3 |