Urea

Organic chemical compound with the chemical formula CO(NH2)2. Urea is a non-protein nitrogen compound used in ruminant feeding as a cheap source of nitrogen. Feed-grade urea contains about 42-46% nitrogen, which corresponds to 260 to 288% crude protein equivalent.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 99.4 100 % - 0.4 98.3 -100 41 0.6
Crude protein 286 287 % - 6.3 264 -301 147 6.2 267 -298 39
Crude fibre 0 0 % -
Crude fat 0 0 % -
Ash 0.03 0.03 % - 0 -0.1 4 0 -0.1 3
Insoluble ash 0 0 % -
NDF 0 0 % -
ADF 0 0 % -
Lignin 0 0 % -
Water insoluble cell walls 0 0 % -
Starch 0 0 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % -
Total sugars 0 0 % -
Gross energy (kcal) 2520 2530 kcal/kg -
Gross energy (MJ) 10.5 10.6 MJ/kg -
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 0 0 g/kg -
Phosphorus 0 0 g/kg -
Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P
Magnesium 0 0 g/kg -
Potassium 0 0 g/kg -
Sodium 0 0 g/kg -
Chlorine 0 0 g/kg -
Sulfur 0 0 g/kg -
Dietary cation-anion difference 0 0 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 0 0 mEq/kg -
Manganese 0 0 mg/kg -
Zinc 0 0 mg/kg -
Copper 0 0 mg/kg -
Iron 0 0 mg/kg -
Selenium 0 0 mg/kg -
Cobalt 0 0 mg/kg -
Molybdenum 0 0 mg/kg -
Iodine 0 0 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C16:0 palmitic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C18:0 stearic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C18:1 oleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C18:2 linoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C18:3 linolenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 0 0 % 0 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin E 0 0 mg/kg -
Vitamin K 0 0 mg/kg -
Vitamin B1 thiamin 0 0 mg/kg -
Vitamin B2 riboflavin 0 0 mg/kg -
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 0 0 mg/kg -
Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg -
Niacin 0 0 mg/kg -
Pantothenic acid 0 0 mg/kg -
Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg -
Biotin 0 0 mg/kg -
Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -
Choline 0 0 mg/kg -
Other parameters
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Phytase activity 0 0 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.26 0.26 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.2 0.2 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 0 0 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 71 71 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 2543 2557 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.225 0.226 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 810 810 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 460 470 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 350 350 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.4 3.4 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.9 1.9 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.4 1.5 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 98.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 100 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 93 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.24 0.24 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.17 0.17 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 0 0 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 71 72 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 2617 2632 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.32 0.32 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.25 0.25 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 0 0 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 70 71 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 2427 2440 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.24 0.24 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.17 0.18 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 0 0 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 1646 1656 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 88 88 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 760 760 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 3.2 3.2 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 100 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 100 %
N digestibility ruminants - 100 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 0 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 100 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 0 %
Potentially degradable N (b) - 0 %
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0 h-1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 %
Immediately degradable starch (a) - 0 %
Potentially degradable starch (b) - 0 %
Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0 h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 %
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 0 %
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 0 %
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0 h-1
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 0 %
Absorbable P ruminants 0 0 g/kg 0 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0 0 g/kg 0 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 0 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 239 241 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 189 190 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 0 0 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 0 0 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 0 0 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 0 0 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 0 0 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 0 0 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 0 0 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 0 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 0 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 0 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 0 %
N digestibility growing pig - 0 %
N digestibility adult pig - 0 %
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 0 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0 0 g/kg 0 % P
Available P broiler 0 0 g/kg 0 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 0 %
Energy digestibility horse - 0 %
Horse Forage Unit 0 0 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 0 0 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 0 %
N digestibility rabbit - 0 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 0 %
N digestibility salmonids - 0 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Threonine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Methionine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Cystine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Methionine + cystine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Tryptophan 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Isoleucine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Valine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Leucine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Phenylalanine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Tyrosine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Histidine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Arginine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Alanine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Aspartic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Glutamic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Glycine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Serine 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Proline 0 0 g/kg 0 g/16g N
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 %
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