Corn gluten feed

Byproduct of the manufacture of starch obtained from maize grain (Zea mays L.) by wet milling. It is composed of bran and gluten, to which steeping liquor and germs, deoiled or not, may be added. The values below are given for dried corn gluten feed but this product is also sold in humid form. Other name: maize gluten feed.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 87.8 100 % - 1.7 79.5 -96.3 551 2.7
Crude protein 18.9 21.6 % - 1.4 14.7 -24.4 698 1.6 16.1 -28.2 539
Crude fibre 7.9 9 % - 0.8 5.8 -10.3 583 0.9 6.9 -11.6 410
Crude fat 2.5 2.8 % - 0.8 1 -6.5 285 0.9 1.2 -7 213
Ash 5.7 6.5 % - 0.8 2.5 -9.2 332 0.9 3.6 -10.1 235
Insoluble ash 1.1 1.2 % - 0.4 0.4 -1.5 8 0.4 0.5 -1.7 7
NDF 35 39.9 % - 4.7 24.3 -46.8 186 5.3 27.6 -51.8 213
ADF 9.3 10.6 % - 1.3 7.4 -12.7 183 1.5 8.1 -14.6 204
Lignin 1.1 1.3 % - 0.5 0.4 -3.1 298 0.6 0.4 -3.4 314
Water insoluble cell walls 34.5 39.3 % - 2.6 19 -37.4 15 2.9 34.8 -43 13
Starch 18 20.5 % - 3.5 8.4 -30 680 4 9.8 -34.5 507
Starch, enzymatic method 15 17.1 % - 4.6 14.4 -28.9 10 5.2 14.8 -32.2 14
Total sugars 1.7 1.9 % - 1 0.1 -6.2 183 1.2 0.1 -7.2 186
Gross energy (kcal) 3930 4470 kcal/kg - 110 3780 -4350 20 90 4320 -4730 33
Gross energy (MJ) 16.4 18.7 MJ/kg - 0.5 15.8 -18.2 20 0.4 18.1 -19.8 33
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 1 0.2 -5 867 1.1 0.2 -5.8 854
Phosphorus 8.6 9.8 g/kg - 1.5 4.5 -14.4 960 1.8 5.1 -16.4 944
Phytate phosphorus 5.6 6.4 g/kg 65 % P 2 -6.1 2 2.3 -7.1 4 23-77 4
Magnesium 3.7 4.2 g/kg - 0.5 2.9 -5.2 31 0.6 2.8 -5.7 39
Potassium 13.5 15.3 g/kg - 2.5 8.8 -19.4 60 2.9 9.5 -22.2 64
Sodium 3.07 3.5 g/kg - 2.39 0.07 -9.22 171 2.73 0.08 -10.49 176
Chlorine 2.1 2.4 g/kg - 0.8 1.4 -6.4 32 1 0.9 -7.2 38
Sulfur 2.8 3.1 g/kg -
Dietary cation-anion difference 247 281 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 419 477 mEq/kg -
Manganese 19 22 mg/kg - 6 13 -33 13 7 8 -35 19
Zinc 56 64 mg/kg - 19 10 -115 20 21 11 -120 26
Copper 5 6 mg/kg - 4 2 -12 26 4 2 -19 22
Iron 187 213 mg/kg - 140 87 -537 16 159 80 -593 20
Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.1 0 -0.3 7 0.1 0 -0.3 6
Cobalt 0.1 0.2 mg/kg -
Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - 0.6 0.7 -2 14
Iodine 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - 0.08 0 -0.3 6 0.09 0.1 -0.3 5
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0.1-0.4 18
C16:0 palmitic acid 2.3 2.6 g/kg 10.5 % FA 0.8 8.6-13.6 202
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.8 % FA 0.2 1.3-2.7 201
C18:1 oleic acid 5.7 6.4 g/kg 26.1 % FA 0.9 4.7 -6.7 5 1 5.3 -7.4 5 3 20-35.4 202
C18:2 linoleic acid 12.9 14.7 g/kg 59.5 % FA 2.5 12.2 -17.7 5 2.8 13.8 -19.6 5 3.4 49.4-67.6 208
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.3-1.9 202
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.2 0.1-1.2 186
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 2.2 2.5 % 88 % fat 2 86-90 5
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin A 2.6 3 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin E 10.3 11.7 mg/kg -
Vitamin B1 thiamin 2 2.2 mg/kg -
Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.3 2.7 mg/kg -
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 12.7 14.4 mg/kg -
Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg -
Niacin 64.4 73.3 mg/kg -
Pantothenic acid 16.6 18.9 mg/kg -
Folic acid 0.3 0.3 mg/kg -
Biotin 0.1 0.2 mg/kg -
Choline 1481 1687 mg/kg -
Xanthophylls 15 17 mg/kg - 4 5 -55 27 5 9 -28 21
Other parameters
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Phytase activity 0 0 IU/kg - 0 -400 3
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.98 1.11 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.97 1.11 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 46 53 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 96 109 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 46 52 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.272 0.309 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2610 2980 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1720 1960 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1710 1950 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.4 11.8 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.7 7.7 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.6 7.5 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 81.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 79.6 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 60 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.2 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.3 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.6 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1 1.14 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.99 1.13 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 41 46 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 91 104 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 50 57 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.94 1.07 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.92 1.05 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 55 63 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 103 117 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 37 42 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.95 1.08 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.92 1.05 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 47 54 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 124 142 g/kg - 134 -154 3
PDIE INRA 2007 101 115 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2570 2930 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.8 12.3 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 83 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 81 %
N digestibility ruminants - 74.6 % 4 67.6-80 7
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % 1
NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 74 % 4 62-74 7
Immediately degradable N (a) - 49 % 45-54 3
Potentially degradable N (b) - 43 % 37-44 2
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.08 h-1 0.03 0.026-0.108 5
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 85 %
Immediately degradable starch (a) - 56 % 1
Potentially degradable starch (b) - 44 % 1
Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.115 h-1 1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % 10 54-80 5
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 33 %
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 60 %
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.05 h-1 0.023 0.003-0.072 6
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 70.7 %
Absorbable P ruminants 5.9 6.7 g/kg 68 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.8 0.9 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.4 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 9 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 945 1076 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 1012 1153 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 90 103 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 47 53 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 4.4 5 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 66.1 75.3 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.03 3.45 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.53 1.74 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.44 1.64 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.66 1.89 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.1 1.25 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 25 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 29 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.7 7.6 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 161 183 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 5 5 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2500 2840 kcal/kg - 270 2410 -3170 7 300 2520 -3560 10
ME growing pig (kcal) 2350 2680 kcal/kg - 2240 -2720 2 2330 -3170 2
NE growing pig (kcal) 1570 1790 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 2950 3360 kcal/kg - 3310 -4160 3
ME adult pig (kcal) 2730 3110 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1850 2110 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 10.5 11.9 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 9.8 11.2 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 6.6 7.5 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 12.3 14.1 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 11.4 13 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 7.8 8.8 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 63.6 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 75.1 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 67.1 % 0.9 66-68 5
OM digestibility adult pig - 78 % 77.8-79.7 2
N digestibility growing pig - 58.9 %
N digestibility adult pig - 73.2 %
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 69 % 3.4 63.4-74.8 13
Crude fat digestibility pig - 28.7 % 21 10-66 6
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.9 2.2 g/kg 22 % 20-22 2
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.8 3.2 g/kg 33 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1780 2030 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 1740 1980 kcal/kg - 1 1
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 7.4 8.5 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 7.3 8.3 MJ/kg - 1 1
Available P cockerel 2.2 2.5 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 2.2 2.5 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 70.2 % 65.8-70.9 2
Energy digestibility horse - 67.6 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.74 0.84 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 137 156 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 2810 3200 kcal/kg - 1
ME rabbit (kcal) 2670 3040 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 11.8 13.4 MJ/kg - 1
ME rabbit (MJ) 11.2 12.7 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.6 %
N digestibility rabbit - 58.6 % 1
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 1140 1300 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 4.8 5.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 29 %
N digestibility salmonids - 92 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 6.1 6.9 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1 3.3 -9.3 102 1.1 3.5 -9.1 94 0.5 2-4 93
Threonine 6.5 7.4 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 0.8 3.4 -9.6 80 0.8 3.7 -8.9 71 0.2 2.9-4.1 71
Methionine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.4 1.9 -4.4 85 0.5 2 -4.9 74 0.2 1.2-1.9 73
Cystine 3.5 4 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.6 1.9 -5.5 80 0.7 2 -5.8 70 0.2 1.3-2.6 69
Methionine + cystine 6.7 7.6 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.9 3.8 -9.4 77 1 4.1 -10.6 66 0.3 2.9-4.4 65
Tryptophan 1.3 1.5 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N 0.2 0.8 -1.8 42 0.3 0.9 -2 31 0.1 0.5-1 32
Isoleucine 6 6.8 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 0.7 3.6 -8.2 81 0.8 3.9 -9.2 72 0.3 2.4-3.7 73
Valine 8.9 10.1 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.2 4.6 -11.8 77 1.4 4.9 -13.8 67 0.4 3.8-5.2 68
Leucine 15.2 17.3 g/kg 8 g/16g N 1.9 9.9 -21.2 77 2.2 10.7 -23.6 69 0.7 6.1-9.3 69
Phenylalanine 6.9 7.8 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.9 4.2 -9.6 80 1.1 4.5 -10.8 72 0.3 2.7-4.1 72
Tyrosine 4.8 5.4 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 1 2.9 -7.3 69 1.1 3.2 -8.2 60 0.4 1.7-3.3 60
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 11.6 13.2 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.7 7.2 -15.3 66 1.9 7.7 -17.9 57 0.6 4.6-7 57
Histidine 5.4 6.1 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.8 2.4 -7.7 76 0.9 2.6 -7.9 68 0.3 2.3-3.6 69
Arginine 9.2 10.4 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.7 4.3 -11.7 76 2 4.9 -13.1 68 0.7 2.7-5.7 69
Alanine 11.9 13.5 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 1.6 7.3 -17 74 1.8 7.9 -18.6 66 0.5 5.1-7.5 66
Aspartic acid 10.9 12.4 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 1.2 6.8 -13.9 77 1.4 7.3 -14.5 69 0.5 4.5-6.4 69
Glutamic acid 26.4 30.1 g/kg 13.9 g/16g N 3 15.7 -35.7 75 3.4 16.9 -40.3 67 0.8 12.4-16.2 67
Glycine 8.1 9.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.1 4.1 -10.3 77 1.2 4.4 -12 69 0.4 3-4.8 70
Serine 7.7 8.8 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.9 4.5 -10.4 77 1 4.8 -11.7 69 0.3 3.5-4.5 69
Proline 11.9 13.6 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.6 g/kg 66 % 3.7 -4.8 4 4.2 -5.5 4 5 57-74 13
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.2 g/kg 70 % 4.4 -5 4 5 -5.8 4 3 67-75 13
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3 g/kg 84 % 3 79-88 13
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.8 g/kg 69 % 2.2 -3.1 3 2.5 -3.5 3 5 61-76 12
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.8 g/kg 76 % 4.8 -5.6 3 5.5 -6.4 3 3 71-81 11
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 1 g/kg 66 % 0.7 -1 4 0.8 -1.1 4 8 60-88 12
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.3 g/kg 78 % 4.2 -5.3 4 4.8 -6.1 4 4 73-85 13
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 6.6 7.6 g/kg 75 % 4 69-83 13
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 12.8 14.5 g/kg 84 % 12.6 -15.6 4 14.1 -18 4 3 79-90 13
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.6 g/kg 84 % 5.4 -6.5 4 6.1 -7.4 4 4 77-91 13
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.5 g/kg 83 % 5 70-92 13
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11 g/kg 83 % 11 -13 4 4 74-92 12
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 70 % 3.5 -4.8 4 4 -5.5 4 9 54-81 13
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.9 g/kg 86 % 5.8 -8.2 4 6.7 -9.4 4 3 81-90 13
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 9.5 10.8 g/kg 80 % 8.9 -11.8 4 10 -13.5 4 3 75-86 13
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.6 8.7 g/kg 70 % 7 -9.4 4 8 -10.7 4 4 65-76 13
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 20.8 23.7 g/kg 79 % 19.8 -25.2 4 22.3 -28.9 4 3 73-83 13
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 6 g/kg 65 % 5.1 -5.7 4 5.8 -6.5 4 5 58-76 13
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.9 6.7 g/kg 77 % 5.6 -6.3 4 6.2 -7.3 4 2 73-81 13
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.9 10.1 g/kg 75 % 7 64-83 5
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 5 g/kg 72 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.6 g/kg 76 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 3 g/kg 82 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 70 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.8 g/kg 76 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 82 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.6 g/kg 83 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.6 g/kg 85 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.7 15.6 g/kg 90 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.7 g/kg 86 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.5 g/kg 83 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.9 11.2 g/kg 85 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 83 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.1 9.2 g/kg 88 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.2 11.6 g/kg 86 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.3 9.4 g/kg 76 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 23 26.2 g/kg 87 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.6 g/kg 71 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 7 g/kg 80 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 10 11.4 g/kg 84 %
Origin France, ex factory
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 4.27 4.86 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 1.46 1.66 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 346 394 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.007 0.008 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 29.99 34.15 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0001 m²yr/kg -
CSVXLSXXML